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The battle of Salta is one of the longest and most bloody events of the Caucasian war [4] . It took place near the Avar village of Salta in Nagorno- Dagestan , the siege of which lasted 54 days, from July 25 to September 15, 1847. The Salta battle is also known for the fact that here the Russian surgeon N.I. Pirogov for the first time in the history of medicine began to operate on the wounded with the help of anesthesia in the field. For the first time in the Caucasus, mines were used in combat conditions, and for the first time, in turn, the highlanders used mine action tactics.
Content
- 1 battle progress
- 2 Summary and Consequences
- 3 notes
- 4 Literature
Battle Progress
Having failed at Gergebil , on July 25, Vorontsov, with a 10,000th detachment and 15 guns, marched on the fortified aul of Salta [5] (later 3 more battalions and several field guns arrived in the detachment [6] ). The Saltin garrison was commanded by the Gergebil Naib Idris, who recaptured the tsarist troops from Gergebil in the same year. Approaching the Salta fortress, Russian troops besieged the village and opened continuous artillery fire on it. From the notes of the Russian soldier: “The superiority of our artillery, of course, did not leave the mountaineers with hope for resistance. They hoped only for their courage and fearlessness ” [7] . Having destroyed the fortifications, Vorontsov hoped that the Avars would capitulate in horror, but this did not prevent them from successfully repelling the attacks of the tsarist troops. Then, under the cover of the artillery cannonade, Russian troops began to occupy ravines on the approaches to Salta, build dugouts and redoubts, dig trenches and arrange safe moves, gradually approaching the fortress. September 14, having destroyed all the towers and defenses to the ground with the help of mine devices, Vorontsov threw his troops into a decisive assault under massive cannon fire. The two-month operation near Salta ended in occupation of the aul. On September 15, the Russian commander ordered to put the village on fire.
Summary and Consequences
A prolonged siege of the village led to huge casualties among both Russians and Avars. Losses from the Russian side were calculated: killed - 20 officers and 515 lower ranks, wounded - 95 officers and 1793 lower ranks [1] . In the expatriate magazine "Highlanders of the Caucasus" for 1930, published in Paris by the so-called "People's Party of Free Highlanders of the Caucasus", the journalist Bahauddin Khursh, citing certain "notes by Idris-Hadji Gergebilsky, " who actually died during the decisive assault on the aul [8] , wrote that the total losses in the "two-month operation near Salty" were: Russian - 11,750, mountain - up to 3,127 people [9] .
Having finally destroyed the village of Salty, the Russian detachment left the Salt Valley in the afternoon of September 24 [10] .
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 Gizetti A. L. A collection of information about the losses of the Caucasian troops during the wars of the Caucasus Mountains, Persian, Turkish and in the Trans-Caspian Territory. 1801-1885 biennium / Ed. V.A. Potto . - Tf. : Type. J. I. Lieberman , 1901 .-- S. 84-85.
- ↑ Kaziev Sh. M. Imam Shamil . - M .: Young Guard , 2010. - ( ZHZL ). - ISBN 978-5-235-03332-0 .
- ↑ Runov V.A. , Kulikov A.S. All the Caucasian wars of Russia. The most complete encyclopedia. - M .: Eksmo, 2013 .-- S. 134. - ISBN 978-5-699-67338-4 .
- ↑ Don . - Rostov n / A : Hammer, 2008. - P. 227. - Issue. 1-3.
- ↑ HammerM. Shamil. Muslim resistance to tsarism. The conquest of Chechnya and Dagestan / Per. from English V. Simakova. - M .: Kron-Press, 1998 .-- S. 258. - ISBN 5-232-00702-5 .
- ↑ Bobrovsky P.O. History of His Majesty's 13th Life Grenadier Erivan Regiment for 250 years (1642–1892): in 5 parts . - SPb. : Type. V.S. Balasheva , 1895 .-- T. 4 .-- S. 422.
- ↑ Mastery of the fortified village of Salta in Dagestan in 1847 . - Military campaign. type of. Headquarters Sep. Caucasus. corps, 1847. - S. 48-49.
- ↑ AKAK, 1885 , p. 466, No. 423 / T. 10.
- ↑ Khursh B. Defense of Salty // Highlanders of the Caucasus. - Paris, 1930. - Vol. 19-24 . - S. 26-27 .
- ↑ Isakov P. N. From the notes of N. V. Isakov // Russian antiquity / Ed. P.N. Voronov . - SPb. , 1917. - T. 171 , No. 7 . - S. 1 .
Literature
- Acts collected by the Caucasian Archaeographic Commission / Ed. A.P. Berger . - Tf. : Type. Chap. management Viceroy of the Caucasus, 1885. - T. 10. - 938 p.
- Khursh B. Defense of Salty // Highlanders of the Caucasus. - Paris, 1930. - Vol. 19-24 . (The article is also published in the book “Military History of the Avars” [ Mkh. , 2015], edited by H. Donogo).
- Uvaisov U. Sturm aul Salta // Dagestanskaya Pravda, 1997.