Klyashtorny, Todor Todorovich

After serving in the army, he studied at the labor faculty in Orsha . In 1931 he graduated from the literary and linguistic department of the pedagogical faculty of Belarusian State University . He worked on the radio, in national newspapers and magazines. He was a member of the literary associations " Maladnyak ", " Uzvyshsha ", BelAPP . He was a member of the TAVIZ informal community (the abbreviation stands for "tavarstva amataraў vypіts і zakusіts", ie, "a society of drink and snack lovers") ^[1] . In the late 1920s and early 1930s. T. Klyashtorny’s room often became a place of warm friendly meetings of writers, “sometimes with a bottle of Loshitsky wine from gooseberries and Antonovka”. As noted by M. Lujanin , the poet initiated a feast during the honorable days “on the balcony of the restaurant“ Europe “closed from prying eyes” ^[2] . For the last time T. Klyashtorny visited his native village of Porechye in the summer of 1936.

Arrested on November 3, 1936 in Minsk at the address: st. Factory, d. 10/4, apt. 7. Sentenced by an extra-judicial body of the NKVD on October 29, 1937 at 11:00 as “a member of an anti-Soviet organization” to capital punishment with confiscation of property. Rehabilitated by the military collegium of the Supreme Court of the USSR on June 8, 1957 ^[3] .

According to the memoirs of Pavel Prudnikov , Todor Klyashtorny was called at one time “Belarusian Yesenin ” in the likeness of the style and mood of poems, although there were many differences in the work of these two poets. ^[four]

He was married to Yanin Mikhailovna Germanovich ( 1909 - 1959 ), arrested and convicted on November 28, 1937 by a special meeting at the NKVD as “a member of the family of a traitor to the motherland” for 8 years in prison. He had three daughters: Tadian (from the first syllables of the names of father and mother), a children's poetess, Vesnalina and Maya, one of the leaders of the organization to memorialize the victims of Stalinist repressions, “ Martyrology of Belarus ” ^[5] .

He began to be published in 1925 in the journal "Arshansky Maladnyak." The collections of poetry “Klyanova Zavei” ( 1927 ), “Svetatsenі” ( 1928 ), “Vetrazі” ( 1929 ), “Praz Storm - to Assault” ( 1934 ) were published.

Todor Klyashtornyi is the author of intimate, landscape, philosophical and meditative poems, poems, addresses, poems, messages (“List yes dzyanchiny”, “List by Sybir”), poems close to folk art (“I bachu smell and bachu” , “Oh, you are a dzecchina”, “There is no excuse for garami”, “On Skhodze Dalnim, on the Burns of China”), works of journalistic orientation (“Lukishki”), fables (“Alien Dzetsі”), parodies (“Free Records” pramovy adnago pіsmennіka at the plenum of the MSP, " a parody of K. Nettles" Jodo i Baba "), epigrams (" Nashym krytykam: Syaўbovae, syabroўskae ") ^[6] .

The author of the poems “Kali Asadye Muts” ( 1927 ), “At Daroza” ( 1927 , included in the collection “Svetatseni” ^[7] ), “Belarus” ( 1928 ), “Pali Zamamanіlі” ( 1930 ), “Slyady Darog” ( 1932) ), Our Kirunak Darog to Maskva ( 1933 ) and Radzima ( 1934 ). According to M. Mushinsky, these were poems, approaches to the poem genre ^[6] .

Author of short stories (“Praz kulametsitsu chasu”, 1926 ) and essays (“Our boundaries are not inferior”, 1933 ; “Usya on the right ў lyudzyah”, 1934 and others).

Translated into Belarusian the fifth part of “The Adventures of the Good Soldier Schweik” Karel Vanek (co-authored with Z. Ostapenko , 1932 ), F. Panfyorov ’s novel “Bruski” (co-authored with M. Bagun, part 1, 1932 ), “Pisnyu Chervonoї Armії ” P. Tychiny ( 1934 ),“ Party Favorite ”by V. Gusev ( 1934 ) and some works by I. Harik , A. Lahuti , A. Kutateli , N. Aseev , L. Pervomaisky , S. Stalsky , R. Alberti , A. Bezymensky , M. Hungry . He translated the poem by V. Mayakovsky “ Out loud ” ^[8] .

The works of T. Klyashtorny were translated into Lithuanian, Russian and Ukrainian languages. I. Ivanov and M. Ravensky wrote songs to his poems.

In 2008, one of the streets of the village of Kamen in Lepel region was named after Todor Klyashtorny. The rural house of culture also has a library-museum of Todor Klyashtorny.

Many of Todor Klyashtorny's works during his life were attacked by the defenders of the party-class approach to art: criticism reproached the author for inconsistency with the ideological requirements of the era, the presence of decadence, pessimism, esensinism, poetic free-rein, tyranny and bohemian attitude to the world ^[9] . The critic Y. Kalyadny wrote in a review of the first book of Klyashtorny: “Klyashtorny stands a little apart. He often has cliche, stamps, especially in images. And his content is special. He staggered and yearned for it. He is at a crossroads. ” ^[10] In 1928, A. Garodnya, in a review of the collection “Svetatsenі,” noted the penetration by the “melancholy moods” of the poet’s entire work, called “aesthetics” his characteristic feature, and key images such as “rifle shklyanki”, “nalinki icy ice”, etc. - “heritage” Bohemian regions ” ^[11] .