Machine tool industry

It began to develop actively from the 18th century.

The appearance of metal cutting machines is associated with the development of large-scale capitalist production, with the organization of the first industrial enterprises of a factory type. The widespread use of machine guns, and then steam engines, required an increase in the accuracy of machining parts. This problem could be solved only with the invention of machines for the production of machines and, first of all, metal-cutting machines with a mechanical caliper. The creation of a mechanical caliper dates back to the early 18th century. Russian mechanic A.K. Nartov in 1738 built the world's first machine tool with a mechanical caliper and a set of interchangeable gears. Nartov and other Russian masters (M. Sidorov-Krasilnikov, S. Shelashnikov, Y. Batishchev) were designed in the 18th century. a number of metal-cutting machines (machines for drilling gun shafts, various modular machines). However, the inventions of Russian masters could not get widespread use and fame, because the need of feudal serfdom in Russia in a small number of machines (mainly for the manufacture of weapons) was provided by separate small factories.

Machine Tool Building in Russia

In the late 1980s, machine tool building in the RSFSR ranked first among the republics of the former USSR in absolute production volume of machine tools and second place after the Ukrainian SSR in the number of inventions and other intellectual property ^[1] .

In today's Russia (2010s), machine tool building is experiencing a severe crisis ^[2] , caused by the collapse of the USSR, the loss of technological and marketing ties, as well as lack of competitiveness in the world market, a drop in industry, which caused a drop in demand for equipment, and the destructive actions of foreign investors and owners of machine tools factories. Attempts are being made to revive the production of certain types of machine tools (for the aviation industry , etc.) ^{[3] [4]} .

In 2013, under the auspices of the Rostec state corporation, the Stankoprom holding was established as a system integrator of Russian machine-tool enterprises.

According to the Ministry of Industry and Trade of the Russian Federation , at present (2016) there are more than 40 machine-tool enterprises in Russia, including the Baltic Industrial Company, the Kovrov Electromechanical Plant, the STAN company

Machine Tool Building in Ukraine

In Ukraine , which in Soviet times was one of the leaders in machine tools in the USSR and to the same extent experienced difficulties due to the collapse of the USSR, Kramatorsk ( NKMZ ), Kiev ("STANKIN") ^[5] , Kharkov (aggregate machine tool plant) remain machine tool centers. , Odessa (Odessa Machine-Tool Plant) ^[6] Zaporozhye , Zhytomyr (machine-tool plant), enterprises of this industry are also located in Melitopol , Lubny ^[7] , Korsun-Shevchenkovsky .

Machine tool building in other countries

In Belarus, the center of machine tool industry is the city of Molodechno (Molodechno Machine Tool Plant) ^[8] .

• Engineering

• L. A. Aizenshtadt and S. A. Chikhachev "Essays on the history of machine tool building in the USSR", 1957

• Machine Tool Building at TSB
• The state of machine tools in Russia
• Actuators of robots and manipulators - popular science film, production Soyuzvuzfilm , 1986