Bakhchisarai

Located in the foothills, on the slope of the Inner Ridge of the Crimean Mountains , in a forest-steppe area, in the valley of the Kachi tributary - the Churuk-Su river, 30 km south-west of the Crimean capital Simferopol . Because of its architectural diversity and rich historical past, Bakhchisarai was named the “city of five centuries” ^[8] .

Climate

The climate is piedmont, semi-arid, warm, with mild winters. The average air temperature in January is +0.8 ° C, in July +21.7 ° C. Rainfall - 500 mm per year.

On the territory of present-day Bakhchisaray there have been several settlements. By the time of the formation of the city in the first half of the 16th century, there were three main ones among them: the fortress town Kyrk-Yer on the mountain cape (now known as Chufut-Kale ), the village of Salacik in the gorge at the foot of the Kyrk-Yera and the village Eski-Yurt upon leaving valleys. In Salacik and Kyrk-Yere administrative centers existed since the time of the Golden Horde . At the turn of the XV and XVI centuries, Khan Mengli I Gerai launched urban construction in Salacik, planning to turn it into a major metropolitan center. The village of Salacik retained the status of the capital of the Crimean Khanate until 1532 , when the son of Mengli Gerai, Sahib I Gerai , founded a new Khan residence two kilometers from Salacik, calling it Bakhchisarai. Subsequently, the capital city grew around the new Khan's residence.

At the beginning of the 15th century, the Gireev (Geraev) dynasty arose on the Tauride Peninsula, which was strengthened with the help of the Lithuanian-Russian Grand Duke Vitovt and was first a vassal of Lithuania. The fortress of Kyrk-Yer (now Chufut-Kale), and later the Khan settlement, near Bakhchisarai proper, became the residence of this dynasty. The first khan of this dynasty was Haji I Gerai (1420-1466), who, by the way, participated in the international European congress of 1429 in Lutsk, where plans for a joint campaign of Christian Europe against the Turks were discussed. Since the end of the 1460s, the Crimean Khanate, which was first defender of the peace of the Russian lands in the South, fell under the rule of the Ottoman Empire, and since then relations between the Lithuanian principality and the Crimea have changed dramatically ^[9] .

In the middle of the 17th century, Bakhchisarai consisted of 2,000 houses, about a third of which belonged to the Greeks. In 1736, the city ​​was completely burned by the Russian army under the command of Christopher Minich . The buildings of the Khan's palace that have survived to this day were built during the restoration of the city in the 1740s - 1750s. In 1794 (11 years after the annexation of the Crimea to the Russian Empire ) in Bakhchisarai there were 5 mills, 20 bakeries, 13 leather workshops, 6 forges, tailoring, shoe and gun workshops, 2 wine rows (Georgian and Moldavian) in the place where Later, the Rodina summer cinema, numerous trading houses and shops, 17 caravanserais for visitors were built.

During the Crimean War, Bakhchisarai was at the center of military events - not far from the city on the Alma River, the first battle took place in which Russian troops under the command of A. S. Menshikov were defeated. During the defense of Sevastopol, the city took transports with provisions, equipment and wounded - the Khan's palace and the Assumption monastery turned into hospitals ^[10] .

During the XIX - early XX centuries, the city ​​was the center of the cultural and social life of the Crimean Tatars . Up until the deportation of the Crimean Tatars on May 18, 1944, Bakhchisarai was one of three (along with Karasubazar and Alushta ) cities of the Crimea, in which the Crimean-Tatar population prevailed.

As of January 1, 2018, the city was in 544 place out of 1113 ^[24] cities of the Russian Federation by population ^[25] .

National composition

In 1930 - 10,450 people. (7420 Crimean Tatars, 1850 Russians, 315 Jews, 205 Greeks, 185 Ukrainians, 50 Germans, 30 Armenians, 30 Bulgarians, 365 others).

According to the 2014 census, the national composition of the city’s population led to changes: ^{[26] [27]}

As of January 1, 2014, 26,651 people lived in Bakhchisarai. Ethnic composition: 49% - Russians, 25% - Crimean Tatars, 23% - Ukrainians, 3% - others.

Modern Bakhchisarai consists of several parts: the Old City, the New City, Kizyakova Dacha, new quarters (5th, 6th and 7th housing estates). The old town is located in a narrow valley of the Churuk-Su river ^[8] , characterized by the traditional layout (narrow curves of the street) preserved from the Middle Ages and traditional Crimean-Tatar houses. The new city is the quarter built in the 60-80s. In this area is dominated by high-rise buildings and block five-story buildings, " Khrushchev ".

Kizyaki or Kizyakova Dacha (the former village Podgorodne, until 1945 Eski-Yurt). In this area, stretched along the railway and the highway Simferopol - Sevastopol , private houses dominate.

The fourth part of the city was built in the 1990s by Crimean Tatars, who returned from places of deportation. The big 6th microdistrict (aka Khan-Chair) is located on a plateau on the left bank of the Churuk-Su, parallel to the Old Town. The 7th district is smaller, it is located at the entrance to the city from the direction of Simferopol. In these areas, street planning is regular (all streets are straight and intersect mainly at right angles), and the building consists of private houses with small personal plots.

In the post-war period, the villages of Eski-Yurt , Ak-Chokrak , Aziz (part of the New Town) and Salachik (the most distant from the center upstream of the river part of the Old City) entered the city limits of Bakhchisarai.

In Bakhchisarai, the plant “Stroyindustriya” and the wine-making and grain factories, the essential-oil state farm and the “Dorindustriya” work, now on the verge of closure. Before the collapse of the USSR, a juice-extracting, canning, dairy plant, and a wool-spinning factory worked.

Tourism plays a big role in the city’s economy. The main tourist sites in the city are the Khan Palace and Chufut-Kale . However, Bakhchisarai is also popular among lovers of active leisure activities (hiking, cycling, climbing). In recent years, the number of private hotels and restaurants, mainly with Crimean Tatar or Eastern cuisine, located in the Khan Palace and Chufut-Kale areas has increased.

Bakhchisarai is located on the Simferopol highway (25 km) - Sevastopol (about 30 km). In Bakhchisarai also begins the scenic road to the southern coast of Crimea through Ai-Petri . One can get to Bakhchisarai from Simferopol by commuter trains (about 1 hour), by buses (about 30 minutes, departing from the Western bus station of Simferopol) or by private vehicles (15-20 minutes). From Sevastopol - suburban trains (about 1.5 hours), regular buses, private vehicles. On the road from Bakhchisarai to Yalta (via Ai-Petri), you can only drive by private road, there is no regular traffic on this road.

Bakhchisarai bus and taxi taxi

Intercity buses and taxis stop at the bus station, located at the entrance to the city from the side of Simferopol, about 2 km from the center.

From the city go regular route taxis and buses to the sea coast (villages Angular , Sandy , Vilino , Beregovoe , Lyubimovka ) and other settlements of Bakhchsarai district.

City transport is represented by minibuses:

No. 1 st. Krymskaya - railway station - bus station - Khan Palace - Staroselye (Holy Assumption Monastery, Chufut-Kale)

No. 2 Hospital - railway station - bus station - Khan Palace - Staroselie (Holy Assumption Monastery, Chufut-Kale)

Number 3 st. Krymskaya - railway station - cottages "Builder"

№ 4 6th district - st. Krymskaya - railway station - bus station - 7th microdistrict

The most frequent routes number 1 and 2:

• Khan's Palace (from the railway station or bus station by taxi number 1 and 2 in the direction of "Old Town").
• Chufut-Kale , Assumption Monastery , Zinjirly Madrasah (from the railway station or bus station by taxi number 1 and 2 in the direction of the Old Town to the final Staroselye, then on foot - 400 meters to the monastery, then about 1 - 1.5 km on foot up the hill to Chufut-Kale).
• New city (from the railway station by taxi number 2.3 and 4 in the direction of "New City"; from the bus station by taxi number 1.2 and 4 in the direction of "New City")
• 6th microdistrict (from the railway station or bus station number 4 taxi)
• 7th microdistrict (from the railway station or bus station number 4 taxi)

88.3 PLAN

88.9 Vatan sedas

99.3 PLAN

104.0 Radio Crimea

105.8 Radio Sea

7 Russia 1

10 Channel One

12 Channel Five

45 TV FM

The main historical monument and tourist site of Bakhchisarai is the palace of the Crimean khans - Hansarai. The fountain of tears in the Khan’s palace is glorified in the romantic poem by Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin “ The Fountain of Bakhchisarai ” (1822). During the Nazi occupation, 283 items from the richest collection of exhibits of the Palace and the Museum of Turkic-Tatar culture were stolen from the Khan's Palace by the German-Romanian troops. After the deportation of the Crimean Tatars, almost 2000 exhibits were stolen or transferred to other museums of the USSR. Nevertheless, the current exhibition consists of 90% of the items collected in the "pre-war" time.

An important historical monument of Bakhchisarai is Zinjirly madrasah - after restoration the museum opened its hospitable doors to tourists.

A unique place to visit is the historical and cultural complex "Devlet-Saray", in which the Crimean Historical Museum-Reserve is located (until April 2015, the Crimean Historical Museum "Larises".)

There are many mosques in the city, among them Khan-Jami and Tahtaly-Jami .

The Holy Dormition Monastery and the medieval fortress (often referred to as the cave city) Chufut-Kale are also located near the city.

One of the modern attractions and recreation facilities is the Bakhchisarai miniature park , the largest of which is in the Crimea.

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  Roofs of the old city in Bakhchisarai

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  Monument to Alexander Pushkin in Bakhchisarai

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  The street of the old Bakhchisarai. Traditional two-story house, whose second floor stands above the first

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  View of the old part of Bakhchisarai

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  The Great Mosque and the courtyard in the Khan Palace

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  Car parking on Lenin Street, 112.

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  Catherine's Mile in Bakhchisarai.

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  Khan's Palace

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  Minaret of the mosque in the Palace of Bakhchisarai

The city has a construction technical school , a vocational school , five secondary schools (four of them with Russian as the language of instruction and one with Crimean Tatar), a central regional library , a nature house, a tourist center, a travel and sightseeing bureau, and several private hotels. Around the Khan Palace and Chufut-Kale there is a large number of small private restaurants, mainly with Crimean Tatar and Oriental cuisine.

There are several hotels in the city: Bakhitgul, Meraba, Avtomobilist, Ashlama-Saray, Bakhchisarai, Dilyara-Khanum, Izabella, Prival, and Ilmi motel.

There is a city information site - “New Bakhchisarai” , where you can find news of the modern city, as well as read about its history. There is also an information and entertainment city portal - BAKHCHISARAY.NET - where you can read interesting and most relevant news about Bakhchisarai, place your ad, see photos and videos of modern Bakhchisarai, as well as take part in the discussion of the sights of the city, its problems, etc.

• Ismi Khan Jami
• List of monuments of cultural heritage of Bakhchisarai in Wikigid

• Bakhchisarai // Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron : 86 tons. (82 tons and 4 extra.). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
• Nagaevskaya E.V. Bakhchisarai. Essay-guide. / Ed. O. I. Dombrovsky. - Simferopol, Publishing House "Tavria", 1976. 112 p.
• Igor Sharov. 100 personalities of Ukraine. - K .: Artek, 2004. - 480 p. ISBN 966-505-163-6

• The official site of the Khan's Palace
• Bakhchisarai in the directory directory Open Directory Project (dmoz) (rus.)