War and Peace

• Count Pierre (Peter Kirillovich) Bezukhov .
• Count Nikolai Ilyich Rostov is the eldest son of Ilya Andreevich Rostov.
• Natasha Rostova - the youngest daughter of the Rostovs, married Countess Bezukhova, Pierre's second wife.
• Sonya (Sofya Aleksandrovna) - the niece of Count Ilya Andreevich, who lives in the Rostov family.

• Prince Nikolai Andreevich Bolkonsky - a prince, a prominent figure in the Catherine era. The prototype is the grandfather of L. N. Tolstoy by his mother, a representative of the ancient Volkonsky family.
• Prince Andrei Nikolaevich Bolkonsky ( Fr. André ) - the son of Prince Nikolai Andreevich.
• Bolkonskaya Elizaveta (Liza, Lise) (nee Meinen), wife of Prince Andrew
• Princess Maria Nikolaevna ( Fr. Marie ) - the daughter of Prince Nikolai Andreevich, sister of Prince Andrei, in marriage the Countess of Rostov (wife of Nikolai Rostov). The prototype is considered to be Maria Nikolaevna Volkonskaya (in marriage Tolstaya), the mother of L. N. Tolstoy
• Prince Vasily Sergeevich Kuragin . Kurakin, Alexey Borisovich - a probable prototype.
• Elena Vasilyevna Kuragina - daughter of Vasily Kuragin. The first wife of Pierre Bezukhov.
• Anatole Kuragin - the youngest son of Prince Vasily.
• Fyodor Ivanovich Dolokhov - an officer of the Semenov regiment. Partisans were his partisans Ivan Dorokhov , the duelist Fyodor Tolstoy-American and partisans Alexander Figner ^[14] .
• Dolokhova Marya Ivanovna - mother Dolokhov.
• Platon Karatayev - soldier of the Absheron regiment.
• Captain Tushin - Captain Artillery Corps. Its prototype was the staff captain of artillery Ya. I. Sudakov.
• Vasily Dmitrievich Denisov is a friend of Nikolai Rostov. The prototype served as Denis Davydov .
• Maria Dmitrievna Akhrosimova is a friend of the Rostov family. The prototype of Akhrosimova was the widow of Major-General Ofrosimova Nastasya Dmitrievna .

In the novel, there are 559 heroes. About 200 of them are historical figures.

In the novel, an abundance of chapters and parts, most of which have a plot completeness. Short chapters and many parts allow Tolstoy to move the narration in time and space and thanks to this to fit hundreds of episodes in one novel.

I Tom

The actions of the first volume describe the events of the war in alliance with Austria against Napoleon in 1805–1807 .

Part 1

On the rights of a friend, Bolkonsky convinces Pierre not to participate in the revels that Anatole Kuragin, the son of Prince Vasily, is plotting, which brings his father many troubles with his wild life. After returning from abroad, Pierre constantly spends his time in the company of Kuragin, Dolokhov and other officers. This way of life does not correspond to Bezukhov, who has a lofty soul and a kind heart, but not having a firm character. The next rampant ends with Pierre being sent to Moscow, Dolokhov is demoted as a soldier, and the case with Anatol was hushed up by his father.

From Petersburg, the action is transferred to Moscow , where the birthday of the Countess of Rostov and her younger daughter Natasha is celebrated in the Rostovs' house. Here we meet the whole Rostov family: Countess Natalia Rostov, her husband, Count Ilya Rostov, and their children: Vera, Nikolai, Natasha and Petya, and also the niece of Countess Sonya. The situation in the Rostov family is contrasted with the reception of Scherer: everything here is simpler, more sincere, kind. Here two love lines are tied: Sonya and Nikolai Rostov, Natasha and Boris Drubetskoy.

Sonya and Nikolai are trying to hide their relationship from everyone, since their love cannot lead to anything good, since they are second cousins. But Nicholas went to war, and Sonya worried about him. Sasha's conversation with her brother, as well as their kiss, is seen by Natasha Rostova. She also wants to love someone, so she begs for a frank conversation with Boris and kisses him. The holiday continues. Pierre Bezukhov is also present on it, and here he meets a very young Natasha Rostova. Marya Dmitrievna Akhrosimova, an influential and respected lady, sharp and categorical in her judgments. The holiday is in full swing. Count Rostov, to the delight of all those present, is dancing with Marya Dmitrievna his favorite dance - “Danila Kupora”.

At this time, in Moscow, the death of Count Bezukhov - Pierre's father and the owner of a huge fortune. Prince Vasily Kuragin and the three princesses of Mamontov, being the closest relatives of the old count, begin the struggle for the inheritance . Princess Drubetskaya, Boris's mother, also intervenes in the fight. The matter is complicated by the fact that in his will the count writes to the emperor with a request to legitimize Pierre (Pierre is the illegitimate son of the count and without this procedure cannot receive an inheritance) and bequeaths everything to him. The plan of Prince Vasili is to destroy the will and divide the entire inheritance between his family and the princesses. The goal of Drubetskaya is to get at least a small part of the inheritance in order to have money for the uniforms of his son who goes to war. As a result, the struggle for the “mosaic portfolio” is unfolding, in which the will is stored. Pierre, coming to his dying father, feels like a stranger again. He is uncomfortable here. He simultaneously feels grief because of the death of his father and awkwardness due to the great attention chained to him.

Going to war, Andrei Bolkonsky leaves his pregnant wife Lisa with his father and sister, Princess Mary, in the Bald Hory family estate. His father, General-in-Chief Prince Nikolai Andreevich Bolkonsky, has been living on his estate for several years now. He is distinguished by his directness of judgment, severity and severity. From his daughter, he wants to raise a smart girl, so he is forced to do her math. Princess Mary herself loves her father and brother madly, she is very sensitive and devout. Saying goodbye to Prince Andrew, she persuades him to take the icon. Shortly before this, Marya receives a letter from her good friend Julie Karagina, who writes that, according to rumors, Prince Vasily wants to marry her son Anatole to her.

Part 2

In the second part, the action is transferred to Austria . The Russian army, having made a long transition, is preparing for a review in the town of Braunau . The commander-in-chief of the army, Mikhail Illutriovich Kutuzov, arrives at the review. Looking around the shelves, he greets officers he knows. At the same review, we also see Dolokhov, degraded after the incident with the bear. Adjutants accompany Kutuzov: Nesvitsky and Bolkonsky already familiar to us.

The war continued, Kutuzov's troops retreated, burning bridges behind them. The allied Austrian army under the command of General Mack was defeated . Kutuzov sends Andrei Bolkonsky with a message about the first Russian victory to the Austrian emperor Franz .

Soon the battle of Schöngraben was given. The four-thousand army of Bagration was to ensure the retreat of the rest of the army of Kutuzov. The French decided that before them the whole Russian army.

In this battle, one of the main themes of the whole novel is clearly manifested - the theme of true and false patriotism . The true hero of the battle is Tushin, whose battery owed the entire army the success of the whole battle. But the modest Tushin is lost when he is reprimanded at the council for two lost guns: he does not want to give out with his answer that there was no reinforcement, another officer. Andrei Bolkonsky stands up for Tushin.

The Pavlograd hussar regiment takes part in the battle of Schöngrabensky, where Nikolai Rostov serves, for which this battle becomes the first major battle in life. Nicholas feels genuine fear: everything that he imagined turns out to be just a fantasy and a fairy tale, but in reality, war is a terrible, chilling sight, where everything is: explosions, weapons, pain, and death. And though Rostov does not show his valor in the battle, but rather only shows his cowardice, no one condemns him, since his feelings are clear to everyone.

3 part

After the death of his father, Pierre Bezukhov, having received his entire inheritance, became, as one of the richest young people of Russia, a “noble bridegroom”. Now he is invited to all the balls and receptions, they want to communicate with him. Prince Vasily does not miss such an opportunity and introduces his daughter, the beautiful Helene, to Pierre, whom she makes a big impression. For rapprochement, he arranges for Pierre to be assigned to the chamber junkers , insists that the young man stop at his house. Realizing the need to please the rich bridegroom, Helen behaves courteously, flirts, and her parents are pushing Bezukhov to marriage. The young man naively believes in the sincerity of such a relationship, it seems to him that everyone loves and respects him.

At the same time, Prince Vasily decides to marry his son Anatole, who has bored him with his antics and party parties, on one of the richest and noble heirs of that time - Marie Bolkonskaya. Vasily with his son arrives at the estate of the Bolkonsky Bald Hills and meets with the father of the future bride. The old prince arrogantly and wary of a young man with a dubious reputation in secular society. Anatole is carefree, used to lead a wild life and rely only on his father. And now the conversation is mostly between the “older” generation: Prince Vasily, who represents his son, and the old Prince Bolkonsky. Despite all his contempt for Anatol, Prince Bolkonsky leaves the choice to Marya, realizing, moreover, that for the “ugly” Princess Marya, who does not leave the estate, the chance to marry handsome Anatol is good luck. But Marya herself is in thought: she understands all the delights of marriage and, although she does not like Anatole, hopes that love will come later, but she does not want to leave her father alone in his estate. The choice becomes obvious when Marya sees how Anatole flirts with Mademoiselle Burien, her companion. Affection and love for the father outweighs, and the princess resolutely refuses Anatoly Kuragin.

Following the tactical retreat near Schöngraben, a general battle was being prepared - at Austerlitz . The battle was painted detailed disposition , which, however, was practically impossible to implement. On the board, Weyrother reads this disposition, while Kutuzov sleeps frankly. He, soberly comparing the forces of the Russians and the French, knows in advance that the battle will be lost, and the disposition of Weyrother is good only because it has already been approved and it is impossible to change anything in it anyway. According to Kutuzov, the best thing they can do before tomorrow's battle is to sleep.

Andrey Bolkonsky should also take part in the battle of tomorrow. On the eve he can not sleep. He ponders for a long time what tomorrow might bring him. He dreams of glory, of a happy occasion that will make him known. Prince Andrew puts on the example of Napoleon , who was glorified by only one battle at Toulon , after which he was able to redraw the map of Europe in several years. Bolkonsky is ready to sacrifice much for his own fame: he does not regret for this either his family, or his wealth, or even his life. Bolkonsky feels that tomorrow will be fatal for him, as for the whole military campaign .

The next morning, Napoleon, on the day of the anniversary of his coronation, in a happy mood, examining the site of the upcoming battle and waiting for the sun to finally come out of the fog, gives the marshals the order to start a business. Kutuzov, on the contrary, is in a tired and irritable mood that morning. He notices the confusion in the allied forces and waits for all the columns to gather. At this time, he hears behind him screams and shouts of greetings from his army. He walked a few meters away and squinted to understand who it was. It seemed to him that this was a whole squadron, in front of which two horsemen were riding a raven and a red-headed horse. He realized that it was Emperor Alexander and Franz with his retinue. Alexander, who came up to Kutuzov, sharply asked the question: “Well, aren't you starting, Mikhail Larionovich?” After a bit of dialogue and disagreement between Kutuzov, it was decided to start the operation.

Passing from a half-verst, Kutuzov stopped at an abandoned house, at the branching of two roads that went downhill. The fog dispersed, and the French were visible two versts. One adjutant noticed a whole squadron of enemies down on the mountain. The enemy is seen much closer than previously thought, and when he heard close shooting, Kutuzov's retinue rushes to run back, where the troops just passed by the emperors. Bolkonsky decides that the long-awaited minute has come, it came to him. Having jumped off the horse, he rushes to the ensign who fell from the hands of the ensign and, having picked him up, with a cry of “Hurray!” Runs forward, in the hope that the upset battalion will run after him. And, indeed, one after the other soldiers overtake him. Prince Andrew gets wounded and, without strength, falls on his back, where only the infinite sky opens before him, and all the former becomes empty, insignificant and meaningless. After a victorious battle, Bonaparte toured the battlefield, giving final orders and examining the remaining dead and wounded. Among others, Napoleon sees Bolkonsky lying on his back and orders him to be demolished at the dressing station.

The first volume of the novel ends with the fact that Prince Andrew, among other hopeless injured, surrenders to the care of residents.

Volume II

The second volume can truly be called the only "peaceful" in the whole novel. It displays the life of heroes between 1806 and 1812. Most of it is devoted to the personal relations of the characters, the theme of love and the search for the meaning of life .

Part 1

The second volume begins with the arrival of Nicholas Rostov home, where he is happily greeted by the whole Rostov family. Together with him comes his new military friend Denisov. Soon, a celebration in honor of the hero of the military campaign of Prince Bagration, which was attended by all the high society, was organized in the Anglicz Club. Throughout the evening, toasts were heard that glorified Bagration , as well as the emperor. About the recent defeat no one wanted to remember.

At the celebration, there is Pierre Bezuhov, who has changed a lot after marriage. In fact, he feels deeply unhappy, he began to understand the real face of Helen, who is in many ways similar to his brother, and also begin to torment him with suspicions about the betrayal of his wife with a young officer Dolokhov. By coincidence, Pierre and Dolokhov find themselves seated opposite each other at the table. Dolokhov’s provocatively sassy behavior irritates Pierre, but the last straw is Dolokhov’s toast “for the health of beautiful women and their lovers.” All this was the reason that Pierre Bezukhov challenged Dolokhov to a duel . Nikolai Rostov becomes Dolokhov's second, and Nesvitsky - Bezukhov. The next day, at 8 am, Pierre and a second arrive in Sokolniki and meet Dolokhov, Rostov and Denisov there. The second Bezukhova is trying to persuade the parties to reconcile, but the opponents are determined. Before the duel, it turns out Bezukhov’s inability to even hold the gun properly, while Dolokhov is an excellent duelist. Opponents disperse, and the team begin to go closer. Bezukhov shoots first, and the bullet hits Dolokhov in the stomach. Bezukhov and the audience want to stop the duel because of the wound, but Dolokhov prefers to continue and aims carefully, but bleeds and shoots past. Rostov and Denisov take the wounded man away. To Nikolai's questions about Dolokhov’s well-being, he begs Rostov to go to his adored mother and prepare her. Having gone to execute the assignment, Rostov learns that Dolokhov lives with his mother and sister in Moscow, and, despite nearly barbaric behavior in society, is a tender son and brother.

Pierre’s excitement over his wife’s relationship with Dolokhov continues. He reflects on the past duel and more and more often asks himself the question: “Who is right, who is wrong?” When Pierre finally sees Helene “face to face”, she begins to curse and scornfully laugh at her husband, taking advantage of his naivety. Pierre says that it is better for them to leave , in response he hears sarcastic agreement, "... if you give me a fortune." Then in the character of Pierre for the first time the breed of the father is reflected: he feels the passion and charm of rabies. Grabbing the marble from the table, he shouts, "I will kill you!" Swings at Helen. That, frightened, runs out of the room. A week later, Pierre gives his wife a power of attorney for most of his condition and goes to St. Petersburg.

After receiving the news about the death of Prince Andrew in the Battle of Austerlitz in the Bald Hills, the old prince received a letter from Kutuzov , saying that it was actually unknown whether Andrew really died , because he was not named among the fallen officers found on the battlefield. Liza, Andrei's wife, relatives from the very beginning absolutely do not report anything so as not to injure her. On the night of birth , a cured Prince Andrei unexpectedly arrives. Lisa does not tolerate childbirth and dies. On her dead face, Andrew reads a reproachful expression: “What have you done to me?”, Which subsequently does not leave him for a very long time. The newborn son is given the name Nikolay.

During the recovery Dolokhova Rostov especially made friends with him. And he becomes a frequent guest in the house of the Rostov family. Dolokhov falls in love with Sonya and makes her an offer, but she refuses him, because she is still in love with Nikolay. Fedor before leaving for the army arranges a farewell party for his friends, where he does not quite honestly beat Rostov for 43 thousand rubles , thus avenging his revenge for Sonya’s refusal.

Vasily Denisov spends more time in the company of Natasha Rostova. Soon makes her an offer. Natasha does not know how to be. She runs to her mother, but she, after thanking Denisov for the honor, does not give consent, because she thinks her daughter is still too young. Vasily apologizes to the Countess, saying goodbye that he "worships" her daughter and their entire family, and leaves Moscow the next day. Rostov himself, after leaving his friend, stayed at home for two more weeks, waiting for money from the old count to pay all 43,000 and get a receipt from Dolokhov.

Part 2

After his explanation with his wife, Pierre goes to Petersburg. In Torzhok at the station, waiting for the horses, he meets a freemason who wants to help him. They start talking about God, but Pierre is an unbeliever . He talks about how he hates his life. Mason convinces him of the opposite and persuades Pierre to join their ranks. Pierre, after much thought, undergoes initiation into masons and after that feels that he has changed.

Prince Pierre comes to Pierre. They talk about Helene, the prince asks him to return to her. Pierre refuses and asks the prince to leave.

Pierre leaves a lot of money for alms to the Masons. Pierre believed in the unification of people, but subsequently completely disappointed in this.

At the end of 1806, a new war began with Napoleon . Scherer takes Boris. He took a favorable position in the service. He does not want to remember the Rostovs. Helen takes an interest in him and invites to her. Boris becomes a close person for the Bezukhovs' house.

Princess Marya replaces Nikolke mother. The child suddenly falls ill. Maria and Andrei argue about how to treat him. Bolkonsky wrote them a letter about the victory won. The child is recovering.

Pierre engaged in charity. He always agreed with the manager and started doing things. He began to live the old life. In the spring of 1807 Pierre gathered in Petersburg. He drove into his estate - everything is fine there, everything is still, but there is a mess around. Pierre visits Prince Andrew; they begin to talk about the meaning of life and about Freemasonry. Andrew said that he began an internal revival.

Rostov tied to the regiment. War resumes.

3 part

Russia and France are becoming allies , and good relations are established between the “two lords of the world”. The Russians help their former enemy, the French, to fight against their former ally, the Austrians.

Prince Andrei Bolkonsky lives without fail in his estate, completely absorbed in his affairs. He is actively engaged in transformations in his estates, reads a lot and becomes one of the most educated people of his time. However, Andrew can not find the meaning of life and believes that his age is over.

Bolkonsky on business goes to Count Rostov. There he meets with Natasha and accidentally overhears her conversation with Sonya, in which Rostov described the beauty of the night sky and the moon. Her speech awakens his soul.

“No, life is not over at 31,” suddenly Prince Andrew decided finally, invariably ... ”

Bolkonsky arrives in Petersburg and there he meets Speransky . This man becomes his ideal, and Andrew tries to be on him. Speransky gives the prince an instruction to develop the section “Rights of Persons” in the Civil Code being drafted, and Andrew takes this task with responsibility.

“He saw in him [Speransky] a rational, strict-minded, enormous mind of a man, with energy and perseverance who achieved power and uses it only for the good of Russia. Speransky in the eyes of Prince Andrew was exactly the person who reasonably explains all the phenomena of life, recognizes as valid only what is reasonable, and knows how to apply the measure of rationality with which he himself wanted to be ... ”

Pierre is disappointed in Freemasonry. He knew all his brothers as weak and insignificant people. He is increasingly beginning to think about the stinginess and mercantile spirit of his comrades. He gets depressed.

"At Pierre again found that longing, which he was so afraid ..."

Pierre is increasingly moving away from his wife, feels humiliated and insulted.

The growth business was also going badly: there was no money for life, but I wanted to live just as rich and idle. Berg makes a proposal to Vera Rostova, and she agrees. Natasha is again moving closer to Boris Drubetsky. However, Natasha's parents are taking the necessary measures to ensure that Boris, who is in love with Natasha, has ceased to be with the Rostovs, which the young man, entangled in his feelings, happily does.

On December 31, on the eve of 1810, there was a ball at the Ekaterina's grandee. This was Natasha Rostova’s first real ball . The girl is very excited and excited because of the upcoming event. However, at the ball, no one approached her and did not pay any attention to her. Natasha is distressed.

At the same ball was attended by Prince Andrei Bolkonsky. Pierre Bezukhov asks his friend to invite Natasha Rostov to the dance, and the prince gladly agrees, having learned in her that very girl who spoke about the beauty of the moon several years ago. Gentle feelings flare up between them.

“... but as soon as he embraced this thin, mobile camp, she moved so close to him and smiled so close to him, the wine of her charms struck him: he felt himself revived and rejuvenated when, catching his breath and leaving her, he stopped and I began to look at the dancers. "

Prince Andrew understands that his interest in transformation has been destroyed. He is disappointed in Speransky, a man without a soul who mirrored other people, but did not have his inner world. Prince Andrew visits the Rostovs where he feels happy. After dinner, Natasha, at the request of the family, sang. Prince Andrew, amazed at her singing to the depths of his soul, felt himself young and renewed.

Next time Andrey and Natasha meet at the evening with Berg, the husband of Vera, Natasha's sister. Vera, who noticed Andrei’s interest in Natasha, started talking about Natasha’s childish infatuation with Boris, which the prince unwittingly became interested in. Most of the evening, Andrew spent next to Natasha in an unusually lively mood.

The next day, Andrei came to the Rostovs for lunch and stayed with them until the evening. Without hiding, he spent as much time as possible with Natasha. The girl does not understand her feelings: this has never happened to her. However, she admits to herself that she loves Bolkonsky.

That same evening, Andrew went to Pierre. There he spoke about his love for Natasha Rostova, and also expressed a desire to marry her. Pierre, who noticed the changes in his friend, supported him and was ready to listen and help.

“I would not have believed anyone who told me that I could love so much,” said Prince Andrew. - This is not the feeling that I had before. The whole world is divided into two halves for me: one — it and there all the happiness of hope, the light; the other half is everything where it is not, there is all the gloom and darkness ... "

Prince Andrew asks for the blessing of his father, but Nikolai Andreevich angrily refuses. He considers Natasha an inappropriate party for his son. He makes Andrei delay his marriage for a year. He makes an offer to Natasha, and she gladly agrees, the news, however, is overshadowed by a one-year delay. The wedding is kept secret so as not to bind Natasha and give her complete freedom. If during this time she loves him, he has the right to refuse. So says Andrew before his departure.

Nikolai Andreevich, saddened by the trick of his son, takes out all his anger on his daughter. He tries in every way to make her life unbearable, and he specifically converges with Mademoiselle Burien. Princess Marya suffers greatly.

Part 4

Growth affairs are upset, and the Countess asks her son, Nicholas, to come to help her father. Nikolay reluctantly agrees and sets off. When he arrived, he was very surprised at the changes that had taken place in Natasha, but he was skeptical about her marriage with Prince Bolkonsky. Nicholas soon realized that he understood even less in the household than his father, and moved away from it.

The Rostovs (Nikolai, Petya, Natasha and Ilya Andreevich) go hunting. The old count misses the old wolf, but Nikolai does not let the beast go. The hero of that day was the serf Danilo, who with his bare hands coped with the wolf, driven by Nicholas.

After the hunt, Natasha, Petya and Nikolai go to visit their uncle, where Natasha's love for everything Russian is manifested, she always felt very happy and was sure that she had never done anything better in life.

During Christmas time, Nikolai notices the beauty of Sony and for the first time realizes that he truly loves her. He announces his intention to marry Sonya, who comes to indescribable delight.

Natasha and Sonya are wondering during the Christmas time, and Sonya sees Prince Andrew in the mirror. However, nothing is learned from this vision, and soon it is forgotten.

Nikolai announces to the mother of his intention to marry Sonya. The countess is horrified (Sonya is not the best party for her son), and they quarrel with Nikolai. The Countess begins to oppress Sonya in every way. As a result, Nikolay, angry, declares to his mother that he will marry without her permission, unless they leave Sonya alone. Natasha is trying to reconcile them, but she fails. She, however, achieves that an agreement was concluded between Nikolai and her mother: he does nothing without the knowledge of her mother, and she, in turn, will not oppress Sonya. Nikolai is leaving.

Things get even worse upset, and the whole family moves to Moscow. However, the countess, upset by a quarrel with her son, falls ill and remains in the village.

Part 5

Old Bolkonsky also lives in Moscow; he has visibly aged, has become more irritable, his relationship with his daughter deteriorated, which torments both the old man and especially Princess Marya. When Count Rostov and Natasha come to Bolkonsky, they take the Rostovs with hostility: the prince with a calculation, and Princess Marya herself suffering from embarrassment. Natasha it hurts hurts; to comfort her, Marya Dmitrievna, in whose house the Rostovs stopped, took her a ticket to the opera. In the theater, the Rostovs meet Boris Drubetsky, now the fiancé Julie Karagina, Dolokhov, Helen Bezuhov, and her brother Anatol Kuragin. Natasha meets Anatole. Helen invites the Rostovs to her, where Anatole pursues Natasha, tells her about her love for her. He secretly sends her letters and is going to kidnap her in order to secretly get married (Anatole was already married, but almost no one knew).

The kidnapping fails - Sonya accidentally finds out about him and is recognized by Marya Dmitrievna; Pierre tells Natasha that Anatole is married. Prince Andrei, who arrives, learns about the refusal of Natasha (she sent a letter to Princess Marya) and about her affair with Anatoly; he returns Pierre her letters through Pierre. When Pierre comes to Natasha and sees her tear-stained face, he feels sorry for her, and at the same time, he unexpectedly tells her that if he were “the best person in the world”, he would have asked her hands and love “on her knees” . In tears of "tenderness and happiness," he leaves. On the way, Pierre observes the comet of 1811, whose form corresponded to the state of his soul.

Volume III

Part 1

The narration of the third volume begins with the invasion of Napoleon’s army into the territory of Russia and the crossing of the Neman River, which stands on the border. Napoleon becomes the head of the army. The entire French army is in high spirits for the start of a new, in their opinion, already successful campaign. In the meantime, for several months now, Emperor Alexander has been in Vilna , where the teachings of the Russian army are held. The news of crossing the border takes him by surprise at the ball given by Count Bennigsen at his dacha. At the ball, there are Boris and Helen, who accompanied the sovereign. Immediately after receiving the news, Emperor Alexander wrote a letter to Bonaparte with a proposal to settle this misunderstanding. The letter was sent from Alexander Adjutant General Prince Balashev .

Prince Bolkonsky, eager to take revenge on Anatol for his deed, leaves him in the army. And although Anatole soon returned to Russia, Andrew stayed at the headquarters and only after some time returned to his homeland, in order to see his father. The trip to Lysy Hills to his father ends with a strong quarrel and the subsequent departure of Andrew to the Western army. Being in the western army, Andrei was invited to the tsar to the military council, in which each general, proving his solely correct decision regarding the hostilities, entered into a tense dispute with the rest, in which nothing was made except for the need to send the king to the capital so that his presence would not hinder a military campaign.

Meanwhile, Nikolai Rostov was promoted to the rank of captain, and with his squadron, as well as with the whole army, retreated. During the retreat, the squadron participates in the battle near Ostrovno , where Nicholas shows special courage, for which he is awarded the order and seeks special encouragement from the leadership of the army. His sister Natasha, while in Moscow, is very sick, and this disease, which almost killed her, is a mental illness: she worries a lot and reproaches herself for Andrei’s treachery on light-mindedness. On the advice of her aunt, she begins to go to church early in the morning and pray for atonement for her sins. At the same time, Pierre visits Natasha, which kindles in his heart a sincere love for Natasha, who also has certain feelings for him. The Rostov family receives a letter from Nikolai, where he writes about his reward and the course of military operations.

Nikolai's younger brother, Petya, who is already 15 years old, has long been jealous of his brother’s successes, is about to enter military service, informing his parents that he, if he is not allowed, will go away himself. With such an intention, Petya goes to the Kremlin in order to get an audience with Emperor Alexander and personally convey to him his request for the desire to serve his homeland. Although, however, he could not get a personal meeting with Alexander.

Representatives of rich clans and various merchants gather in Moscow in order to discuss the current situation with Bonaparte and allocate funds to help in the fight against him. There is also a graph Bezukhov. He sincerely willing to help, donates a thousand souls and their salaries to create a militia, the purpose of which was the whole assembly.

Part 2

At the beginning of the second part, various arguments are presented about the reasons for the defeat of Napoleon in the Russian campaign. The basic idea was that the various events that accompanied this campaign were only an accidental coincidence of circumstances, where neither Napoleon nor Kutuzov, having no tactical plan for war, provide all the events to themselves. Everything happens as if by accident.

The old prince Bolkonsky receives a letter from his son, Prince Andrew, in which he asks his father for forgiveness and reports that it is not safe to remain in the Bald Mountains as the Russian army retreats, and advises him to go to the interior of the princess Marya and little Nikolenka. Having received this news, a servant of the old prince, Jacob Alpatych, was sent from Lysy Mountains to Smolensk in order to find out the situation. In Smolensk, Alpatych meets Prince Andrew, who sends him a second letter to his sister with similar first content. Meanwhile, in the salons of Helene and Anna Pavlovna, the old moods are preserved in Petersburg, and, as before, in the first of these, Napoleon’s actions rise to fame and honor, while the other has patriotic sentiments. At that time, Kutuzov was appointed commander-in-chief of the entire Russian army, which was necessary after the formation of its corps and the conflicts of the commanders of individual divisions.

Returning to the story of the old prince, it is impossible not to notice that he, neglecting the letter of his son, chose to remain in his estate, despite the advancing French, but he had a stroke, after which he and his daughter, Princess Marya, set off towards Moscow . In the estate of Prince Andrew (Bogucharovo) to survive the second blow to the old prince was no longer destined. After the master's death, his attendants and daughter, Princess Marya, became hostages of their own position, being among the rebellious men of the estate who did not want to let them go to Moscow. Fortunately, a squadron of Nicholas Rostov was passing by, and in order to replenish stocks of hay for horses, Nicholas, accompanied by his servant and deputy, visited Bogucharovo, where Nikolai bravely defended the princess’s intention and escorted her to the nearest road to Moscow. After that, Princess Marya and Nikolay recalled this case with awe of love, and Nikolay even had the intention to marry her afterwards.

Prince Andrew, at the rate of Kutuzov, meets Lieutenant Colonel Denisov, who eagerly tells him about his plan of partisan warfare. After asking for permission from Kutuzov personally, Andrei is sent to the army as a regiment commander. At the same time, Pierre goes to the place of the future battle, meeting Boris Drubetskogo at first, and then Prince Andrey himself, not far from the position of his troops. During the conversation, the prince talks a lot about the self-flowing nature of the war, that it is successful not because of the wisdom of the commander, but from the soldiers' aspiration to stand up to the last.

Final preparations for the battle are underway - Napoleon indicates the disposition and distributes orders that, for one reason or another, will not be executed.

Pierre, as well as everyone, was raised in the morning by cannonade, heard on the left flank, and, wishing to take a personal part in the battle, falls on the Raevsky redoubt , where he spends his time indifferently and, by lucky coincidence, leaves him ten minutes before it is handed over to the French. Andrei's regiment during the battle stood in reserve. Not far from Andrei, an artillery grenade falls, but out of pride he does not fall to the ground, as his colleague does, and receives a severe wound in the stomach. The prince is carried to a sanitary tent and laid on the operating table, where Andrew gazes upon his long-time offender, Anatol Kuragin. A splinter hit Kuragin in the leg, and the doctor is just busy cutting it off. Prince Andrew, remembering the words of Princess Marya and being himself on the verge of death, mentally forgave Kuragin.

The battle was over. Napoleon, not having achieved victory and having lost a fifth of his army (the Russians lost half of their army), was forced to retreat from ambitions to continue to advance, because the Russians were not for life, but for death. For their part, the Russians also did not take any action, remaining on the lines occupied by them (in the plan of Kutuzov, the offensive was planned the next day) and blocking the way to Moscow.

Part 3

Similarly to the previous parts in the first and second chapters, the author’s philosophical reflections on the reasons for the creation of history and actions of the Russian and French troops during the Patriotic War of 1812 are given. In Kutuzov's headquarters there are heated debates on the topic: whether to defend Moscow or stop it? General Bennigsen is in favor of defending the capital of the capital, and in case of failure of this enterprise, he is ready to blame Kutuzov for everything. One way or another, but the commander-in-chief, realizing that there is no longer any strength left for the defense of Moscow, decides to surrender her without a fight. But given that the decision was made only the other day, all of Moscow was already intuitively preparing for the arrival of the French army and the surrender of the capital. The rich landowners and merchants left the city, trying to take with them as much of the property on the carts as possible, although this is the only price that did not fall, but increased in Moscow due to the latest news. The poor, however, burned and destroyed all their possessions so that the enemy would not get it. Moscow was in a panic flight, which the governor-general, Prince Rastopchin , did not like very much, whose orders were to convince the people not to leave Moscow.

Countess Bezukhova, on her return from Vilnius to Petersburg, with the direct intention of creating a new party for herself in the light, decides that it is necessary to settle the last formalities with Pierre, who by the way also felt burdened with her. She writes a letter to Pierre in Moscow, where she asks for a divorce. This letter was delivered to the addressee on the day of the battle on the Borodino field. Pierre himself after the battle for a long time wanders between the mutilated and exhausted soldiers. There he fell asleep in speed. The next day, on his return to Moscow, Pierre was summoned by Prince Rastopchin, who, with his former rhetoric, appeals to stay in Moscow, Pierre finds out that most of his fellow Masons are already arrested, and they are suspected of distributing French proclamations. Upon returning to his home, Pierre receives news of Helen’s request to give the go-ahead for the divorce and the death of Prince Andrew. Pierre, seeking to rid himself of these abominations of life, leaves the house through the black entrance and no longer appears at home.

In the house of the Rostovs, everything goes as usual - the collection of things is sluggish, because the graph is used to postpone everything for later. Petya stops them on their way, and as a military man, he retreats further beyond Moscow with the rest of the army. Meanwhile, Natasha, accidentally meeting on the street with a gaze of a wagon train, invites them to stay in their house. One of these wounded is her former fiancé, Andrew (the message to Pierre was wrong). Natasha insists on removing property from the wagon and loading them with the wounded. Already moving through the streets, the Rostovs' family with wounded carts noticed Pierre, who in the clothes of a commoner walked thoughtfully down the street, accompanied by some old man. Natasha, already by that moment knowing that Prince Andre'y was driving in carts, began to take care of him at every stop and stop, without departing from it. On the seventh day, Andrew became better, but the doctor continued to assure others that if the prince did not die now, he would then die in even greater agony. Natasha apologizes to Andrew for his frivolity and betrayal. Andrei has already forgiven her and assures her of his love.

By that time Napoleon had already come close to Moscow and, glancing at her, was glad that this city had resigned and fell at his feet. He mentally imagines how to implant the idea of ​​a true civilization and make the boyars fondly remember his conqueror. Nevertheless, entering the city, he was very upset by the news that the capital was abandoned by most of the inhabitants.

Deserted Moscow plunged into unrest and theft (including by the authorities). Opposite the city council a crowd of disgruntled people gathered. The town governor Rostopchin decided to distract her by issuing to the mercy of Vereshchagin , who was sentenced to hard labor, who was detained with Napoleon's proclamations and denounced as a traitor and the main culprit of leaving Moscow. By order of Rostopchin, the dragoons struck Vereshchagin with a broadsword, the mob joined the massacre. Moscow at that time began to fill with smoke and tongues of fire, like any abandoned wooden city, it had to burn out.

Pierre comes to the conclusion that his whole existence was needed only to kill Bonaparte. At the same time, he unwittingly rescues a French officer, Rambal, from the old madman (his brother’s brother’s brother, Mason), for which he was awarded the title of French friend and had a long conversation with him. The next morning, having slept, Pierre went to the western entrance to the city in order to kill Napoleon with a dagger, although he could not do it, because he was late for his arrival by 5 o'clock! Frustrated, Pierre, wandering through the streets of an already inanimate city, came across a family of a petty official, whose daughter had allegedly been locked in a burning house. Pierre, being not indifferent, went in search of the girl and, after her safe rescue, gave the girl to a woman who knew her parents (the official’s family had already left the place where Pierre had met them in a desperate situation).

Encouraged by his action and seeing the French marauders who robbed a young Armenian woman and an elderly old man, he attacked them and began to strangle one of them with a violent force, but was soon captured by a cavalry detachment and taken into captivity as a suspect in arson in Moscow.

Volume IV

Part 1

On August 26, Anna Pavlovna, on the very day of the Battle of Borodino, had an evening dedicated to reading the letter of His Grace. The news of the day was the illness of Countess Bezukhova. There was talk in society that the Countess was very bad, the doctor said that it was a chest disease. The day after the evening an envelope was received from Kutuzov. He wrote that the Russians did not retreat a single step , that the French had lost much more than ours. By the evening of the next day, some terrible news was made. One of them was the news of the death of Countess Bezukhova. On the third day after Kutuzov’s report, the news of the surrender of Moscow to the French spread. Ten days after leaving Moscow, the sovereign received the Frenchman Michaud (a Russian at heart) who was sent to him. Michaud told him that Moscow had been abandoned and turned into a conflagration.

A few days before the battle of Borodino, Nikolai Rostov was sent to Voronezh to buy horses. The provincial life in 1812 was the same as always. Society gathered at the governor. No one in this society could compete with the Cavalier of St. George. He never danced in Moscow, and even there it would be indecent for him, but then he felt the need to surprise. The whole evening Nicholas was busy with a blue-eyed blonde, the wife of one of the provincial officials. Soon he was informed of the desire of one important lady, Anna Ignatievna Malvintseva, to meet the savior of her niece. Nikolay, when talking with Anna Ignatievna and mentioning of Princess Marya, often blushes, feels an incomprehensible feeling for him. The governor confirms that Princess Marya is a party that is beneficial for Nikolai, and talks about matchmaking. Nikolai ponders her words, recalls Sonya. Nikolay tells the governor his sincere wishes, says that he really likes Princess Bolkonskaya and that his mother told him about her more than once, as she would be a profitable party to pay off the Rostov debts, but there is Sonya with whom he is bound by promises. Rostov comes to the house of Anna Ignatievna and meets Bolkonskaya there. When she looked at Nikolai, her face changed. Rostov saw in her this - her desire for good, humility, love, self-sacrifice. The conversation was the simplest and least significant between them. They meet soon after the Borodino battle, in the church. The princess received the news of her brother's injury. A conversation takes place between Nikolay and the princess, after which Nikolay realizes that the princess sat down deeper in his heart than he had foreseen. The dreams of Sonya were hilarious, and the princess Marya was scary. Nikolai receives a letter from his mother and from Sonya. In the first, the mother talks about the fatal wound of Andrei Bolkonsky and that Natasha and Sonya are caring for him. In the second, Sonia says that she refuses to promise and says that Nikolay is free. Nicholas reports the state of Andrei to the princess and conducts her to Yaroslavl, and after a few days he leaves for the regiment. Sonya's letter to Nikolai was written from the Trinity. Sonya hoped for the recovery of Andrei Bolkonsky and had the hope that if the prince survived, he would marry Natasha. Then Nikolai will not be able to marry Princess Marya.

Meanwhile, Pierre in captivity. All Russians who were with him are of the lowest rank. Pierre with 13 others was taken to the Crimean ford. The days before the secondary interrogation (September 8) were the most difficult in the life of Pierre. Pierre was interrogated by Marshal Davout , he was sentenced to death on charges of incendiary.

Pierre was present at the execution by the French on the Maiden field accused of incendiary and waited for death, but he was pardoned and taken to the barracks, where Russian prisoners of war were kept. There, Pierre met Platon Karataev, a captive soldier (about fifty, a pleasant and singing voice, a feature of speech in immediacy, never thought what he was talking about). He knew how to do everything, was always busy, sang songs. Karataev often said the opposite of what he had said before. He loved to talk and spoke well. For Pierre, Platon Karatayev was the personification of simplicity and truth. Plato knew nothing by heart but his prayer.

Soon Princess Mary came to Yaroslavl. She is met by the sad news that two days ago Andrew became worse. Natasha and the princess come together and spend the last days near the dying Prince Andrew.

Part 2

The author reflects on the course of the battle of Borodino, on the merits of Kutuzov and why Napoleon did not manage to lead occupied Moscow. Pierre spent 4 weeks in captivity. Karatayev, who could not go any further, shot the French escort.

Part 3

Петя Ростов по поручению генерала попадает в партизанский отряд Денисова. Отряд Денисова совместно с отрядом Долохова организуют нападение на отряд французов. В бою Петя Ростов погибает, отряд французов разбит, в числе русских пленных освобождён Пьер Безухов.

Часть 4

Наташа и Мария тяжело переживают смерть Андрея Болконского, вдобавок ко всему приходит известие о смерти Пети Ростова, графиня Ростова впадает в отчаяние, из свежей и бодрой пятидесятилетней женщины она превращается в старуху. Наташа постоянно ухаживает за матерью, что помогает ей обрести смысл жизни после смерти возлюбленного, но при этом она сама ослабевает и физически и душевно. Череда потерь сближает Наташу и Марью, в итоге, по настоянию отца Наташи, они вместе возвращаются в Москву.

Epilogue

Часть 1

Прошло семь лет после 1812 года (1819—1820 годы). Толстой рассуждает о деятельности Александра I. Говорит о том, что цель достигнута и после последней войны 1815 года Александр находится на вершине возможной человеческой власти. Пьер Безухов женится на Наташе Ростовой в 1813 году, и тем самым выводит её из депрессии, которая была обусловлена, помимо смерти брата и Андрея Болконского, также смертью её отца.

Николаю Ростову после смерти отца становится известно, что наследство, которое он получил, полностью состоит из долгов, вдесятеро превышающих самые негативные ожидания. Родные и друзья просили Николая отказаться от наследства. Но тот принимает наследство со всеми долгами, ехать в армию нельзя было, потому как мать уже держалась за сына. Положение Николая становилось все хуже и хуже. В начале зимы княжна Марья приехала в Москву. Первая встреча княжны и Николая прошла сухо. Поэтому она не решилась посетить Ростовых снова. Николай приехал к княжне только в середине зимы. Оба молчали, изредка поглядывали друг на друга. Княжна не понимала, почему Николай так с ней поступает. Она спрашивает у него: «Почему же, граф, почему?». Княжна начинает плакать и уходит из комнаты. Николай останавливает её… Николай женится на княжне Марье Болконской осенью 1814 года, в три года он полностью возвращает все долги кредиторам, путём взятия в долг 30 тысяч у Пьера Безухова и переезда в Лысые Горы, где он сделался хорошим барином и хозяином; в дальнейшем он пытается употребить все силы на выкуп своего именного поместья, которое было продано сразу после смерти отца.

В 1820 году у Наташи Ростовой уже три дочери и один сын. В её лице уже нет того огня оживления, была видна одна сильная красивая плодовитая самка. Ростова не любила общества и там не появлялась. 5 декабря 1820 года все собрались у Ростовых, в том числе и Денисов. Все ожидали приезда Пьера. После его приезда автор описывает жизнь в одной и второй семье, жизнь совершенно различных миров, разговоры между мужем и женой, общение с детьми и мечты героев.

Часть 2

The author analyzes the causal relationships between events that took place in the political arena of Europe and Russia, from 1805 to 1812, and also conducts a comparative analysis of the large-scale movement "from west to east and from east to west." Considering single-handed emperors, commanders, generals, abstracting the people themselves from them and, as a result, the army of which it was, raising questions about will and necessity, genius and chance, tries to prove contradictions in analyzing the system of the old and new history with complete destruction of the laws on which the story is based as a whole.

In modern Russian, the word "world" has two different meanings, " world " - the antonym to the word " war " and " world " - planet, community, society, the surrounding world, habitat (cf. "On the world and death is red") . Before the spelling reform of 1917-1918 , these two concepts had a different spelling: in the first meaning, “ peace ” was written, in the second, “mir ^{[15] [16]} ”. There is a legend that Tolstoy allegedly used the word "mіr" (Universe, society) in the title. Moreover, in the second part of the epilogue there are indeed reflections on the emergence of wars in the world and on their influence on the world.

“In 1789 fermentation rises in Paris; it grows, spreads and is expressed by the movement of peoples from west to east. Several times this movement goes east, comes in collision with counter-movement from east to west; in the 12th year, it reaches its extreme limit - Moscow, and, with remarkable symmetry, opposition is carried out from east to west, just like in the first movement, dragging middle nations along with it. The reverse movement reaches the point of departure in the west - to Paris, and calms down.

In this twenty-year period of time, a huge number of fields are not plowed; houses burnt down; trade changes direction; Millions of people are getting poorer, getting richer, moving, and millions of Christian people who profess the law of love of their neighbor are killing each other.

What does all this mean? Why did this happen? What made these people burn houses and kill their own kind? What were the causes of these events? What power made people do this? Here are the involuntary, simple and most legitimate questions that humanity offers itself, bumping into monuments and traditions of the past period of movement.

For the resolution of these issues, the common sense of humanity turns to the science of history, which aims at the self-knowledge of peoples and humanity. ”

However, all lifetime editions of Tolstoy’s novel were published under the title “War and Peace”, and he himself wrote the name of the novel in French as “La guerre et la paix” . There are various versions of the appearance of this legend.

• According to one of them, ambiguity arose during the first full publication of the novel. In 1868 a book was published in the publishing house of M.N. Katkov , the title page of which is inscribed: “War and Peace”. A document preceding this event has been preserved from March 24–25, 1867, addressed to M. N. Lavrov, an employee of Katkov’s printing house. This is a draft agreement on the publication of the novel. It is interesting that his title in the document “Thousand and Eight Hundred and Five Years” is crossed out with one line and with the hand of L. N. Tolstoy under the words “Thousand and Eight Hundred” it is written: “War and Peace” ( http://feb-web.ru/ feb / tolstoy / pictures / nta-045-.jpg ). But, of course, it is also curious that at the very beginning of the document over the words “My dear Sovereign, Mikhail Nikolayevich”, it was written in pencil: “War and Peace”. This was done by hand of Sofia Andreevna , obviously, when restoring order in the papers of her husband in the eighties .
• According to another version ^[8] , the legend arose because of a typo in the 1913 edition edited by P. I. Biryukov . In the four volumes of the novel, the title is reproduced eight times: on the title page and on the first page of each volume. “Peace” was published seven times and “peace” once, on the first page of the first volume.
• There is, finally, another version. According to her, the legend originated from a typographical error in the original edition of the popular work of George Florovsky ^[17] . For some reason, the letter “i” was used in writing the name of the novel.

Support for the legend was provided in 1982 , when in the popular “ What? Where? When? »A question was asked on this topic, sent by Yu. P. Vartanov , an employee of the Leningrad Library, and the“ correct ”answer was given. This question, along with the answer in the same year, was included in the book “The Phenomenon of the Game” by V. Voroshilov [1] . On December 23, 2000, in the jubilee game dedicated to the 25th anniversary of the program, this same retro question was repeated again. And again the same answer was given by the experts - none of the organizers did not bother to check the question on the merits. See also: [2] , [3] .

It should be noted that the title of “almost the same name” poem by Mayakovsky “War and Peace” ( 1916 ) intentionally uses a wordplay that was possible before the spelling reform , but is not caught by today's reader.

Nikolai Solovyov in 1869, in general, highly appreciated the novel, but reproached Tolstoy with the fact that he unreasonably holds the idea of ​​the “fatal fatalistic significance of all phenomena of life”, that “in the work of Tolstoy, princes and earls, ministers and generals, maid of honor and high-class beauties "and" having given so much importance to the swarm, herd life of the masses, the author of "War and Peace" does not show us, however, how these masses develop energy in themselves and reveal their influence on the heroes, guiding them author " ^[18] .

Nikolai Strakhov in 1869 also highly appreciated the novel, but noted that “the whole story of“ War and Peace ”seems to be aimed at proving the superiority of meek heroism over active heroism,” meanwhile “it is impossible to deny that determined, courageous people do not have no importance in the course of cases so that the Russian people would not give rise to people giving scope to their personal views and forces ”and this side of the Russian character is“ not fully captured and depicted by the author ” ^[19] .

Pavel Annenkov in 1868, in general, highly appreciated the novel, but noted that “it is not clear how the author could free himself from the need to show, next to his society, the presence of an element of raznochintsy , which received more and more significance in life”, the novel time “two great raznochintsa, Speransky and Arakcheev , stood at the helm of government and not only did not make efforts to hide their poor origins, but were proud of him and made others feel it on occasion” ^[20] .

In 1869, Nikolai Shelgunov was very critical of Tolstoy’s novel. He wrote that “after reading the novel of Count Tolstoy, you will feel such a vagueness of concepts in your head that your hands will fall and the last soil will disappear from under your feet”, that “if Count Tolstoy looked not backwards, but forward, not to the east , and to the west; if he had real power for the fictionalization of the question now being developed by thinkers about the struggle of a person against society, civilization against barbarism, individualism with collectivity, then, of course, it would not have come out that the historical value of the Karatayevs is higher than the values ​​of Kontov , Stephenson , Morzov and the immediate the sense of the East is stronger than European thought ”, that“ “War and Peace” is, in essence, a Slavophile novel in which truth is false with lies, science with ignorance, good with evil, progress with backwardness ” ^[21] .

Peter Vyazemsky , a participant in the Patriotic War of 1812, in 1868 criticized Tolstoy’s novel for the fact that “intertwining or, rather, confusing history and romance, undoubtedly harms the first and finally, before a court of sensible and impartial criticism, does not raise true dignity the latter, that is, the novel. He accused Tolstoy of caricaturing history ^[22] . Similar charges were filed by Tolstoy and another veteran of the Patriotic War of 1812, Abraham Norov , who, however, praised Tolstoy for the faithful depiction of the Battle of Borodino ^[23] .

Screenshots

• War and Peace (1913, Russia). Mute movie. Dir. - Petr Chardynin, Andrei Bolkonsky - Ivan Mozzhukhin
• War and Peace (1915, Russia). Mute movie. Dir. - J. Protazanov , V. Gardin . Natasha Rostova - Olga Preobrazhenskaya , Andrey Bolkonsky - Ivan Mozzhukhin , Napoleon - Vladimir Gardin
• Natasha Rostov (1915, Russia). Mute movie. Dir. - P. Chardynin . Natasha Rostov - Vera Karalli , Andrei Bolkonsky - Witold Polonsky
• “ War and Peace ” (War & Peace, 1956, USA, Italy). Dir. - King Widor . Composer - Nino Rota costumes - Maria de Mattei. Starring: Natasha Rostov - Audrey Hepburn , Pierre Bezukhov - Henry Fonda , Andrei Bolkonsky - Mel Ferrer , Napoleon Bonapart - Herbert Lom, Helen Kuragina - Anita Ekberg .
• “ People too ” (1959, USSR) short film based on a passage from a novel (USSR). Dir. George Danelia
• “ War and Peace ” / War and Peace (1963, Great Britain). (TV) Directed by Silvio Narizano . Natasha Rostov - Mary Hinton , Andrei Bolkonsky - Daniel Massey
• War and Peace (1965, USSR). Dir. - S. Bondarchuk , starring: Natasha Rostov - Lyudmila Savelyeva , Andrei Bolkonsky - Vyacheslav Tikhonov , Pierre Bezukhov - Sergey Bondarchuk .
• “War and Peace” (War & Peace, 1972, UK). (TV series) Dir. John davis Natasha Rostov - Morag Hood , Andrei Bolkonsky - Alan Dobie , Pierre Bezukhov - Anthony Hopkins .
• “ War and Peace ” (2007, Germany, Russia, Poland, France, Italy). TV series. Rezh - Robert Dornhelm , Brendan Donnison . Andrei Bolkonsky - Alessio Boni , Natasha Rostov - Clemence Poesi
• “War and Peace” (2012, Russia) trilogy, short films based on excerpts from the novel. Directed by Maria Pankratova, Andrey Grachev // Ether September 2012 TV channel "Star".
• “ War and Peace ” (2016, United Kingdom). TV series. Dir - Tom Harper. Andrei Bolkonsky - James Norton , Natasha Rostov - Lily James , Pierre Bezukhov - Paul Dano .

Using the novel as a literary basis

• “War and Peace in Verses” : a poem based on the novel-epic of L. N. Tolstoy. Moscow: Key-S, 2012. - 96 p. (The author - Natalia Tugarinova) [4]

Opera

• Prokofiev S. S. " War and Peace " (1943; final version 1952; 1946, Leningrad; 1955, ibid.).
• War and Peace (opera film). (UK, 1991) (TV). Music by Sergei Prokofiev . Dir. Humphrey Burton
• War and Peace (opera film). (France, 2000) (TV) Music by Sergei Prokofiev . Dir. Francois Rassillon

Dramatization

• “ War and Peace ” (1912) - the performance of Fyodor Sologub
• " War and Peace " (1931-1932) - the re-enactment of Mikhail Bulgakov

Theater productions

• " Prince Andrew " (2006, Radio of Russia). Radio play. Dir. - G. Sadchenkov . In ch. roles - Vasily Lanovoy .
• "War and Peace. Beginning of the novel. Scenes " (2001) - production of the Moscow theater" P. Fomenko Workshop "
• “War and Peace of Tolstoy” Guide to the novel (2016) - production of the BDT named after G. A. Tovstonogov. Dir. - Victor Ryzhakov.
• "Ball. Natasha Rostov. Count Tolstoy ”(2018) - production by the Perm Academic Theater-Theater. Dir. - Vladimir Gurfinkel, a play by Ilya Gubin. ^[24]

• If you do not take into account the works of children's literature , the novel “War and Peace” was the most published work of fiction in the USSR for the years 1918-1986: a total circulation of 312 publications amounted to 36.085 million copies ^[25] .

• P. Annenkov . Historical and aesthetic issues in the novel gr. L. N. Tolstoy "War and Peace"
• N. Strakhov . War and Peace. The writing of Count L. N. Tolstoy. Volumes I, II, III and IV
• M. Dragomirov . "War and Peace" Count Tolstoy from a military point of view
• E. Tsimbaeva . Historical context in the artistic image (Noble society in the novel "War and Peace")
• A. Genis "War and Peace" in the XXI century