Submarines of project 667BDR Kalmar are a series of Soviet SSBN nuclear submarines equipped with the D-9R complex with 16 R-29R intercontinental liquid missiles (RSM-50, SS-N-18).
| Project 667BDR Kalmar SSBN | |
|---|---|
 | |
 K-433 in 2016 | |
| Main characteristics | |
| Type of ship | 2nd generation SSBN |
| Project designation | 667 BDR "Squid" |
| Project developer | TsKBMT Rubin |
| Chief Designer | S. N. Kovalev |
| Codification of NATO | "Delta-III" |
| Speed (surface) | 15 knots |
| Speed (underwater) | 24 knots |
| Working depth | 320 m |
| Autonomy of swimming | 90 days |
| Crew | 130 people |
| Dimensions | |
| Surface displacement | 10 600 t |
| Underwater displacement | 13 050 t |
| The length is the greatest (on design basis) | 155.0 m |
| The width of the body naib. | 11.7 m |
| Average draft (on design basis) | 8.7 m |
| Power point | |
Steam turbine nuclear power plant
| |
| Armament | |
| Torpedo mine weapons | 4 × 533-mm and 2 × 400-mm bow TAs, 16 533-mm torpedoes, SET-65 , SAET-60M, 53-65K torpedoes , can carry up to 24 minutes instead of a part of torpedoes |
| Missile weapons | 16 PU BRPL R-29R (class. NATO - SS-N-18 mod. 1/2/3 "Stingray) |
| Air defense | 2 sets of " Strela-2M ". |
The project was developed at the Rubin Central Design Bureau , the general designer of the project was S. N. Kovalev .
History
The R-29R sea-based liquid two-stage ballistic missile ( RSM-50 , SS-N-18) represented the further development of the R-29 missile and was distinguished from it by the presence of a separable warhead with individual guidance units ( RGCH IN ). Missiles could be equipped with various configurations of warheads - one, three or seven warheads. The principle of full astro correction was implemented. [1] For this rocket, in 1972, the Rubin Central Design Bureau of Structural Engineering and began to develop the Kalmar (Delta-III) 667BDR squadron, as a further development of the Murena-M project 667BD (Delta-II). The control system of the new ship allowed firing the entire ammunition in one salvo. In addition to rocket weapons, a more advanced missile fire control system, improved acoustic protection and REV (new NK , BIUS , SAC and communications), as well as improved crew living conditions, in general, Project 667BDR was an improved modification of Project 667BD . [2] The lead boat of the K-441 project turned out to be actually the second one, since the 5th hull of the 667BD K-424 project was completed under project 667BDR. A total of 14 ships were built. In January-April 1979, the SSBN K-455 667BDR and K-490 667B (1st rank captain I. A. Tolstolytkin, 1st rank captain V. M. Kuznetsov, senior commander of the 13th division Rear Admiral A. I. Pavlov) made a group transoceanic passage through the southern route through the Drake Strait , from Yagelnaya Bay ( SF ) to Krasheninnikov Bay ( Pacific Fleet ). During the trip, the efficiency of the “Gateway” navigation system was checked. To ensure the transition, the Northern Fleet allocated the Baikal OIC (captain of the 3rd rank G. Bochinsky, senior captain of the 1st rank P. L. Klimov), on which the second K-455 crew (captain of the 1st rank I. G. Chefonov) went. On February 17, the ships received a radio from the headquarters of the Federation Council with a message about the Chinese attack on Vietnam because of the disputed Spratly Islands . [3] Since 1980, seven single inter-fleet, subglacial, transarctic (from the Northern Fleet to the Pacific Fleet ) SSBN transitions of Project 667BDR [4] have been completed [4] (the first transition was made by the K-223 submarine under the command of D. N. Novikov, the senior on board Vice Admiral L.A. Matushkin). Submarines experienced great difficulties when crossing the shallow Chukchi Sea in the area of Wrangel Island . The depths here did not exceed 50 m. Great ice fields represented a great danger. The space between the ice shell and the ship often did not exceed 3-4 m with a depth under the keel of 4-5 m.
Design
Structurally, the 667BDR submarine cruiser is in many ways similar to the 667BD pr., But slightly longer, the new 667BDR, compared to the 667BD , was an increase in the height of the rocket mine fencing. The robust case, like the 667BD, was divided by ten strong bulkheads into eleven compartments. The 1st, 3rd and 10th compartments were shelter compartments equipped with access hatches with locking devices providing a dry way out of the emergency submarine, the transverse bulkheads of these compartments are designed for a pressure of 40 atmospheres. [5] The installation of a volumetric chemical fire extinguishing system using freon increased the fire safety of the submarine. [five]
Powerplant
The main power plant of the project includes two water-cooled reactors VM- 4C (thermal power 90 MW each), located in 7 compartments, two steam turbines OK-700A and two main turbo-gear units located in 8 and 9 compartments and develop the total power on the shafts in 40 000 hp, two standby electric motors on shafts of 225 kW each (300 hp) are located in the 10th compartment. Power supply is provided by two turbogenerators with a capacity of 3,000 kW (4080 hp) each, with two auxiliary diesel generators DG-460 with a capacity of 450 kW (625 hp), on the shaft line, with two lead-acid batteries of 112 type elements each. The boat was used new low-noise five-blade propellers with improved anti-cavitation characteristics [6] .
Corps
Project 667BDR is a two-hull type. The fore end of the ship has an oval shape, the aft end is spindle-shaped. Front horizontal rudders are located on the wheelhouse guard. Aft plumage is made cruciform. The light hull, as in previous projects, has a characteristic developed “hump” behind the solid fencing fence, covering missile silos emerging from the solid hull. Compared to project 667BD, the hump is slightly higher, which is caused by another increase in the dimensions of the missiles. In addition, in the aft, gentle part of the "hump" outside the sturdy hull there is a towed coupled antenna "Paravan". Strong case with external frames of cylindrical section. It is made of AK-29 steel (thickness - 40 mm) and was divided by waterproof bulkheads into 10 compartments:
- 1st — torpedo;
- 2nd — battery and residential;
- 3rd — central post, power plant panel;
- 4th — nasal rocket;
- 5th - aft rocket;
- 5-Bis - residential;
- 6th - diesel generator (auxiliary mechanisms);
- 7th - reactor;
- 8th - nasal turbine;
- 9th - turbine feed;
- 10th - electric motor, aft compartment.
Bulkhead compartments withstand pressure of 10 kgf / cm², bulkhead compartments of shelters - 1st, 3rd and 10th are designed for a pressure of 40 kg / cm².
Armament
- Rocket
The main armament is the D-9R missile system, comprising 16 silo-type launchers. This complex for the first time provided the possibility of the combat use of missile weapons from high latitudes. Underwater launch can be carried out at depths of up to 50 meters at a speed of 6 knots . All missiles can be launched in one salvo. [7] R-29R rocket , liquid-fuel, using nitrogen tetraoxide (amyl) as an oxidizing agent and asymmetric dimethylhydrazine (heptyl) as a fuel, designed to destroy strategic targets at intercontinental ranges with the ability to strike at highly protected small-sized ("solid ", By definition of the Americans), for purposes such as launchers of land-based ICBMs , command posts, storage bases for special ammunition. Adopted by the Navy in 1977. The main performance characteristics: [8] Starting weight, t 35.3. The maximum mass thrown, t 1.65. The maximum firing range is intercontinental. Monoblock and separable warhead Number of warheads, pcs. 1, 3, 7 (R-29R missile carried a warhead with three warheads with a capacity of 0.2 mt and had a maximum range of 6500 km. The R-29RL was equipped with a monoblock warhead with a capacity of 0, 45 mt and could hit targets at a range of about 9000 km. The R-29RK was able to deliver seven warheads (0.1 mt) to a range of up to 6500 km.) [9] The astroinertial control system with full (in direction and range) astrocorrection provided CVO of the order of 900 m. Number of steps, pcs. 2. The length of the rocket, m 14.1. The diameter of the rocket, 1.8 m. Liquid fuel.
- Torpedo
The torpedo armament of the ship consists of four 533-mm and two 400-mm torpedo tubes with an air firing system that provides firing at diving depths of up to 250 meters, the Kalmar torpedo tubes training system. The torpedo complex occupies the upper third of the first compartment. Torpedo tubes are located in two horizontal rows. In the diametrical plane of the ship, above the first row of the TATA, was a horizontal torpedo-loading hatch. Ammunition includes 16 torpedoes.
The submarine torpedo 53-65K [10] (anti-ship) was adopted in 1969. Gas turbine, hydrogen peroxide torpedo, caliber 533 mm, length 7.2 m, weight 2070 kg, explosive weight in the warhead about 300 kg, speed 45 knots and range 19 km. Acoustic active homing system with vertical location of the wake of the target ship, the fuse is non-contact, active, electromagnetic. The heading device installed in the torpedo provides the installation of the angle of rotation of the torpedo at any point on the trajectory, which allows it to be used for any target angles of the target from 0 ° to 180 °.
The submarine torpedo SET-65 [11] (anti-submarine) was put into service in 1965. Electric, caliber 533 mm, torpedo length SET-65 - 7.8 m, weight 1750 kg. The weight of the explosive in the warhead is about 200 kg. The single-acting silver-zinc rechargeable battery SC-240 provides a speed of 40 knots and a range of 15 km. Acoustic active-passive homing system with a response radius of 800 m on the active channel, a non-contact fuse, circular, acoustic, active type with a response radius of 10 m. A two-torpedo salvo with these torpedoes with their parallel course ensures reliable destruction of a freely maneuvering submarine at firing ranges up to 30-35 cable and immersion depths up to 400 m.
- Air defense
Air defense is represented by 2 sets of " Strela-2M ."
Electronic weapons
The composition of electronic equipment includes: [12]
- BIUS MVU-106 "Almaz-BDR".
- KCVS "Atoll".
- Radar complex MRK-50 "Cascade" ("Snoop Tray"), MRK-57 "Feed".
- Hydroacoustic complex MGK-400 “Rubicon” (“Shark Teeth”) is an upgraded version of the MGK-300 “Rubin” with a target detection range of up to 200 km and adopted for service in 1976 [13] ,
- GAS "Aurora-1", GAS "Bumblebee" navigation.
- MG-43 - station for measuring the speed of sound under water, MG-33.
- means of RTR and RR MPP-21A "Zaliv-P" RTR, "Veil-P" direction finder (Brick Pulp / Group; Park Lamp D / F)
- GPA means 4 x GPA MG-44, MG-34, GIP-1.
- Navigation system "Tobol-M1" or "Tobol-M2".
- SSC “Cicada”, radio sextant (Code Eye), ANN
- Radio communication complex "Lightning-M" (Pert Spring); SSS “Tsunami-BM”, towed “Paravan” buoy antennas, “Lastochka” towed antenna device (UHF), HF and microwave antennas, sound supply station.
- Means of ice reconnaissance "Nok-1" circular navigation detector, "NOR" navigational divider detector, echo-meter "EL-3".
- television systems MT-70, MT-30;
- single time ship system "Platan-M"
Accidents and navigational incidents
- K-424 , September 11, 1976, at state tests in the White Sea at a depth of two hundred meters at a speed of twenty knots hit an underwater stone ridge. A powerful blow fell on the right cheekbone of the bow of the atomic ship. The ship was damaged in the bow of the hull, but thanks to the competent actions of the crew, a catastrophe was avoided and surfaced. [14]
- K-490 , April 13, 1978, the submarine K-308 of project 670 Skat followed to the base after combat duty from the Atlantic. The boat commander did not personally take part in the observations and determination of the boat’s location for the entire trip. At 16.30, the K-308 made another turn in the fairway area (FVK No. 3). The boat commander for depth measurements with an echo sounder assumed that his boat was 3-5 miles east of the route and did not take any measures to clarify the place, in fact, he followed through the training ground where he carried out the training tasks of the RPK SN K-490 (project 667 BDR “Squid”), which also did not carry out sonar surveillance and at 21.30 there was a collision of two nuclear-powered submarines in an underwater position. [15]
- K-424 , January 18, 1981 in the sea, there was a fire in the 3rd compartment (due to the cigarette butt the filter in the latrine lit up). The ship surfaced, but thanks to the competent actions of Captain 1st Rank Ivanov Nikolai Alexandrovich and the crew, the fire was extinguished and the deaths of personnel were avoided.
- K-211 , May 23, 1981, while following to the base from the BP test site, collided with an American submarine of the Stojen class . The collision occurred due to the fault of the commander of the U.S. Navy submarine , who maneuvers dangerously in the aft corner of the heading area while covertly tracking our missile carrier. [sixteen]
- K-433 , September 1983, when crossing the Chukchi Sea , in the Herald Trench , in the underwater position, twice collided with large ice floes, damaging the light hull in the area of the deckhouse and the missile deck, eliminating damage by forces of the crew of the crew continued combat service.
- K-455 , June 7, 1984, while parking at the pier in Krasheninnikov Bay during work with the KSP in the tenth compartment, its unauthorized operation occurred. In the accident, one sailor was killed. [17]
- K-424 , October 23, 1984, in preparation for going to sea on K-424 due to an error in the crew’s actions, the airborne bridge jumped, two sailors died and several were injured
- K-44 , June 24, 1985, when returning from military service in combat training ranges at a depth of 80 meters at a speed of 10 knots, she got into a wallet trawl .
- K-424 , May 19, 1986, during rocket firing from the surface in the Bay of Porchnikha , a rocket fell on the rocket deck, which caused a fire extinguished by a fire ship.
- K-129 , November 11, 1987, in bulk on K-241 and K-487 (Northern Fleet). [18]
- K-223 , November 14, 2004, on board a strategic nuclear missile cruiser, standing at the pier, during a scheduled routine maintenance, a technical accident occurred - the destruction of the air supply pipeline. As a result of exposure to excessive pressure, electrician-sailor Dmitry Koval received a head injury, from which he later died in the hospital. [nineteen]
- From a letter from a submariner: [20]
The submarine K-211 traveled at 85 degrees north latitude. The general speed was 9 knots. In each wormwood, the captain of rank 3 Dagirov personally took photographs through the periscope every 15 degrees. In the Greenland Sea, the ice thickness was 40 meters. In the area of Svalbard island, a day after K-211 left the ice, 1 reactor loop flowed (they went on one side). And the personnel of the 7th compartment with their hands collected active water. Now they can not prove that they belong to veterans of special risk. Korshunov, the commander of the 7th compartment, is still suing to prove his case. It is sad to see how in our time they are related to veterans who have courageously and dignifiedly fulfilled their military duty to their homeland. - September 22, 2011 with the submarine St. George the Victorious, which was on the roadstead of Avacha Bay , the Donets seiner collided. [21]
Representatives
Table colors:
Red - Recycled or recycle
Green - Active as part of the Navy
Blue - Converted according to a special project, as part of the Navy
| Title | Head No. | Bookmark | Lowered | Introduced | Written off | Current status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| K-424 | 355 | 01/30/1974 | 12/31/1975 | 12/30/1976 | 03/28/1995 | Disposed [22] |
| K-441 | 366 | 05/07/1974 | 05/25/1976 | 12/30/1976 | 03/28/1995 | Disposed [23] |
| K-449 | 367 | 11/19/1975 | 07/29/1976 | 12/30/1976 | 2001 | Disposed of |
| K-455 | 368 | 10/16/1976 | 02.16.1977 | 08/30/1977 | 2000 | Disposed of |
| K-490 | 372 | 11/06/1976 | 03/21/1977 | 10/30/1977 | 2003 | Disposed of |
| K-487 | 373 | 12/09/1976 | 06/04/1977 | 12/27/1977 | 1998 | Disposed of |
| K-496 Borisoglebsk | 392 | 05/23/1978 | 09/13/1978 | 08/30/1979 | 08/14/2009 | Disposed of |
| K-506 Zelenograd | 393 | 12/29/1975 | 03/26/1979 | 11/30/1979 | 2010 | Disposed of |
| K-211 "Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky" | 394 | 04/19/1979 | 12/13/1979 | 08/28/1980 | 11/19/2010 | Awaiting disposal [24] |
| K-223 "Podolsk" | 395 | 11/19/1979 | 04/30/1980 | 12/25/1980 | 2016 | Retired. It is awaiting disposal by the end of 2020 at the Zvezda DVZ [25] . |
| K-180 | 396 | 04/27/1980 | 11/08/1980 | 08/25/1981 | 2003 | Disposed of |
| K-433 "St. George the Victorious" | 397 | 08/24/1979 | 06/20/1980 | 12/15/1980 | - | Awaiting disposal [24] |
| K-129 (BS-136 "Orenburg") [26] [27] | 398 | 04/09/1979 | 04/15/1981 | 11/05/1981 | - | It was modernized according to project 09786 into a carrier of ultra-small submarines [27] , as part of the 29th Obrpl SF |
| K-44 "Ryazan" | 376 | 01/31/1980 | 01/19/1982 | 17.09.1982 | - | В составе 25-й ДиПЛ ТОФ |
Current status
Большинство кораблей проекта выведены из эксплуатации и отправлены на переработку. Только одна лодка К-44 «Рязань» несёт штатное ракетное вооружение и входит в состав Тихоокеанского флота. Ещё одна лодка перестроена для выполнения особых заданий в носитель сверхмалых подводных лодок.
Notes
- ↑ Владимир Щербаков, иллюстрации Михаила Дмитриева. Подводный меч . — Вокруг Света. — Вып. №5 (2800), Май 2007 Рубрика «Арсенал» .
- ↑ Музей Подводного флота . submarine.narod.ru. Дата обращения 10 февраля 2010. Архивировано 22 февраля 2012 года.
- ↑ Советская армия и флот в сдерживании китайской агрессии против Вьетнама в 1979г. . Дата обращения 22 февраля 2010. Архивировано 22 февраля 2012 года.
- ↑ "Атрина". Проект 667-БДР «Кальмар» • Delta-III class . Дата обращения 19 января 2011. Архивировано 22 февраля 2012 года.
- ↑ 1 2 Ракетный подводный крейсер стратегического назначения проекта 667.БДР . Дата обращения 13 февраля 2010. Архивировано 22 февраля 2012 года.
- ↑ “Огайо” и “Тайфун” . Дата обращения 10 марта 2010. Архивировано 22 февраля 2012 года.
- ↑ «Государственный ракетный центр имени академика В.П. Макеева» . Дата обращения 11 февраля 2010. Архивировано 22 февраля 2012 года.
- ↑ «Государственный ракетный центр имени академика В.П. Макеева» . Дата обращения 11 февраля 2010. Архивировано 22 февраля 2012 года.
- ↑ 667.БДР . Дата обращения 13 февраля 2010. Архивировано 22 февраля 2012 года.
- ↑ Торпеда 53-65 (для 533 мм торпедного аппарата) . Дата обращения 19 февраля 2010. Архивировано 22 февраля 2012 года.
- ↑ Торпеда подводных лодок СЭТ-65 1965 . Дата обращения 19 февраля 2010. Архивировано 22 февраля 2012 года.
- ↑ 667БДР «Кальмар» Delta III class . warfare.be. Дата обращения 10 февраля 2010. Архивировано 2 февраля 2013 года.
- ↑ Крылатая ракета подводных лодок П-120 «Малахит» (недоступная ссылка) . rusunderwater.ru. Дата обращения 10 февраля 2010. Архивировано 22 февраля 2012 года.
- ↑ ЭХОЛОТ НЕ ПОКАЗЫВАЕТ ГЛУБИНУ . Дата обращения 13 февраля 2010. Архивировано 4 июня 2012 года.
- ↑ Столкновение атомных подводных лодок «К-308» и «К-490» 13 апреля 1978 года. . Дата обращения 22 февраля 2010. Архивировано 22 февраля 2012 года.
- ↑ Столкновение АПЛ «К-211» с американской АПЛ типа «Стёджен». (inaccessible link) . Дата обращения 13 февраля 2010. Архивировано 22 февраля 2012 года.
- ↑ ПОДВОДНИКИ, ПОГИБШИЕ ПРИ АВАРИЯХ И ПРОИСШЕСТВИЯХ НА ПОДВОДНЫХ ЛОДКАХ ПОСЛЕ 1945 ГОДА . Дата обращения 22 февраля 2010. Архивировано 22 февраля 2012 года.
- ↑ Навал РПК СН «К-129» на РПК СН «К-241» и «К-487» (СФ) 11. 11. 1987 года. (inaccessible link) . Дата обращения 10 марта 2010. Архивировано 22 февраля 2012 года.
- ↑ Матрос погиб, спасая экипаж при взрыве на атомной подлодке Тихоокеанского флота . Дата обращения 13 февраля 2010. Архивировано 22 февраля 2012 года.
- ↑ Примечание: 02.04.2005 года на наш E-mail поступило письмо капитана 3 ранга запаса Дагирова Ислама Гиреевича . Дата обращения 13 февраля 2010. Архивировано 22 февраля 2012 года.
- ↑ Радио ЭХО Москвы :: Новости / Стратегическая подводная лодка 'Святой Георгий Победоносец' столкнулась с сейнером 'Донец'
- ↑ К-424 история службы
- ↑ К-441 история службы
- ↑ 1 2 Шесть российских атомоходов отправят на металлолом вместо модернизации . lenta.ru. Date of appeal April 18, 2019.
- ↑ На утилизацию атомной подлодки «Подольск» потратят почти 1 млрд рублей
- ↑ Унаследовала почётное наименование от БС-411 «Оренбург»
- ↑ 1 2 Project 09786 . deepstorm.ru. Date of treatment February 20, 2010. Archived February 22, 2012.
Literature
- Yu. I. Alexandrov, A.N. Gusev. Warships of the world at the turn of the 20th — 21st centuries. Directory.Part I. Submarines. SPb 2000.
- Osipenko, L .; Residents, L .; Mormul, N. Atomic underwater epic. Feats, failures, disasters. Publisher: M .: A / O "Borges"