The Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language in eleven volumes ( Ukrainian: The Dictionary of Ukrainian Movies in eleven volumes, SUM-11 ) is the first ever comprehensive explanatory dictionary of the Ukrainian language , compiled by a team of employees of the Institute of Linguistics of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences under the supervision of Academician Ivan Beloded and published in 1970 —1980, the publishing house " Naukova Dumka " ( Kiev ).
| "Dictionary of the Ukrainian language" in eleven volumes | |
|---|---|
| "Dictionary of Ukrainian Movies" in eleven volumes | |
| Original language | |
| Publishing house | |
In 1983, a group of scientists of the Institute of Linguistics, who made the largest contribution to the creation of the dictionary, was awarded the title of laureates of the USSR State Prize . [one]
Content
Dictionary Contents
The dictionary reflects the state of the Ukrainian literary language from Ivan Kotlyarevsky to the end of the 1970s. Contains 134 058 words. [one]
In addition to common vocabulary and phraseology, the dictionary also covers a significant part of the lexical composition of the language, which passed into a passive language fund, but was actively used at one time and therefore has been witnessed both in folklore and in the work of word masters; often used dialectisms and words that are on the verge of literary use are recorded in the dictionary. [one]
Including a large and diverse lexico-phraseological material regarding the origin, functioning and stylistic application, the dictionary has a normative direction. This is provided in particular [1] :
- The selection of vocabulary for his registry.
- Disclosure through the interpretation of the basic meanings and nuances of the meanings of register words.
- Representation of the most important grammatical forms and stresses.
- Bringing (where necessary) stylistic remarks and determining the scope of the use of words.
- Illustrations of the use of interpreted words and phraseological units, which gives vivid examples of the correct use of words and confirms their stylistic characteristics.
The dictionary is based on the multimillion-dollar lexical file cabinets of the Ukrainian language, based on Ukrainian fiction, translation, scientific, popular science and political literature, collections of folk art, newspapers, magazines, textbooks, manuals, reference books and memoirs.
The lexicographic sources of the dictionary were, in particular, the most important previous dictionaries of the Ukrainian language: handwritten “Dictionary of the Ukrainian language” by P. Beletsky-Nosenko , “Little Russian-German dictionary” by E. Zhelekhovsky (Lvov, 1886), “Dictionary of the Ukrainian language” edited by B. Grinchenko (Kiev, 1907-1909), The Russian-Ukrainian Dictionary (revised by M. Kalinovich; Moscow, 1948), The Ukrainian-Russian Dictionary in six volumes (Kiev, 1953-1963), The Shevchenko Language Dictionary (Kiev , 1964), a series of terminological dictionaries, etc.
To date, some interpretations from the dictionary are outdated, since the meanings of the words were revealed in the dictionary from the standpoint of Marxism-Leninism - the then state ideology. The spelling of the dictionary is also partially outdated, since the spelling of 1993 returned the letter " ґ " and the spelling of some proper names was changed, the derivatives of which are in the dictionary ( Argentinean → Argentinean , Brazilian → Brazilian and the like).
Using vocabulary materials
In independent Ukraine, based on materials from the dictionary, many derivative explanatory dictionaries of various volumes and purposes were published. [2] [3] [4] In particular, the dictionary is the main source for explanatory dictionaries of the Ukrainian language of medium volume. [four]
In 1998, V. Yaremenko and O. Slipushko published the “New Explanatory Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language in Four Volumes” (NTSUM), calling itself its compilers. After a detailed analysis of the NTSUM, the authors of the academic dictionary proved that it is an abridged version of the eleven-volume edition and constitutes "98 percent pure water plagiarism." Yaremenko cynically answered the reproaches by publishing an article in Literary Ukraine titled “I seek the right ... to plagiarize”. [3] Subsequently, the NTSUM was repeatedly reprinted (1999, 2001, 2004) without any legal consequences for the organizers.
Another resonant case of reprinting the materials of the academic dictionary was the publication of the “Large Explanatory Dictionary of the Modern Ukrainian Language” by the publishing house “Perun” (2001, 2005), which, without significant changes, used most of the interpretations from SUM-11. [3] [2] In 2001, this dictionary became the laureate of the Ukrainian rating “Book of the Year 2001”. Subsequently, the copyright on the dictionary was sold to the Russian company ABBYY .
In 2010, the Ukrainian Language and Information Fund of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine began publishing the updated academic “Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language” in 20 volumes for which the eleven-volume dictionary serves as a "starting point". [five]
Criticism
Modern Ukrainian linguists generally appreciate the quality of the "Dictionary of the Ukrainian language" in 11 volumes. [3] [6] At the same time, they note some of its shortcomings, in particular unmotivated restrictive marks regarding native Ukrainian vocabulary. [6] [7]
The linguist Vasily Nimchuk, a corresponding member of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine , considers the dictionary “the pinnacle of Ukrainian lexicography”, which he “is now”. [3]
The linguist Alexander Ponomarev characterizes the dictionary as such that it has flaws, but compiled by specialists. The dictionary was compiled at a time when the theory of rapprochement of languages and nations was being implemented in the Ukrainian SSR, according to which supposedly all languages and nations were to merge into one, therefore, dictionaries “discriminated” individual Ukrainian words that are completely unlike Russian. To preserve these words, linguists included them in the dictionary with notes “obsolete”, “oblast”, “dialect”, “rarely used”. As an example, Ponomarev cites the word " Mistyanin ", indicated in the dictionary as "rarely used." [6]
The lexicographer and writer Svyatoslav Karavansky in his writings criticizes the dictionary for the appearance of many words, which he characterizes as vocabulary stripped from Russian forms. Purely Ukrainian words are often marked as colloquial and outdated. Provides examples of stress distortion. Caravansky also notes that it costs the writer by chance, for example, to accept the Russian word in correspondence, how it was “instantly” fixed as the norm (for example, “ pampering ”, “ smart ”, “ wash yourself ”, “ repeat the kiss ”). He calls some interpretations of words in the dictionary "illiterate." For example, the word “ olive ”, in his opinion, was misinterpreted as “ tin ”, while it had the meaning “ lead ”. [7]
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 Dictionary on the website of the Institute of Linguistics A. A. Potebni
- ↑ 1 2 Copyright law, yak є // Mirror tizhnya , September 29, 2001.
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 V. Nimchuk About the current Ukrainian language vocabulary // Ukrainian Move , No. 3, 2012.
- ↑ 1 2 Gordіnko N. Ukrainian lexicography: current school and future development // Science News of the Kherson Sovereign University. Seriya "Linguistics": Zbіrnik science prats. - Kherson: View of the KhDU. - 2010. - VIP. 11. - 293 p.
- ↑ K. Yakimenko. Programming and technology aspects of the vocabulary of the vocabulary of the Ukrainian Ukrainian Dictionary. Archived copy of March 4, 2016 on the Wayback Machine . - Problems of programming (1). - S. 24-37.
- ↑ 1 2 3 Oleksandr Ponomarіv: “We’ll enter a new mode for our TB” An archived copy of March 3, 2016 on Wayback Machine // Telekritika , 11/7/2011.
- ↑ 1 2 Karavansky S. Poshuk of the Ukrainian word . Lxv. Viina for the national “I” (shortened) (Literary Ukraine, 12/21/91) and LXVII. For the script “Russian Krimu” (compendium) (Literary Ukraine, 9.7.92)
Literature
- Palamarchuk L.S. Vocabulary of Ukrainian movi // Ukrainian mov: encyclopedia . - K .: "Ukr. Encycl. ”, 2004. - 612 p.