Olovyanishnikovs

The Olovyanishnikovs are a Russian merchant family of Yaroslavl origin, the largest bell manufacturers in the Russian Empire .

The first mention of the Yaroslavl posad people of the Olovyanishnikovs dates back to the 17th century. They came from the monastery peasants of the village of Savinskoye ^[1] - the patrimony of the Transfiguration Monastery .

In 1709, Osip the son of Ermolaev (1656 - after 1717) settled with his family on Roshkova Street in Yaroslavl. In 1717, an entry was made about him: “makes tin and sits in a vegetable row in a shop” ^[2] . His eldest and youngest sons, Ivan and Fedor, began to cast bells; it is possible that with their participation Dmitry Maksimovich Zatrapeznov cast in Yaroslavl bells in the 1750s, first recorded in documents. One of the earliest references to the Olovyanishnikovs bell-casting plant is associated with a bell, made in 1766, for the Rostov Spaso-Yakovlevsky Monastery , whose weight was 163 pounds 8 pounds (2673 kg.), With the inscription: “... litas in the city of Yaroslavl at the plant Fedor Grigoryev Olovyanishnikov. "

Another representative of the clan, the head of the family business, the merchant of the 1st guild, Porfiry Grigoryevich (1755 - 10.30.1830) had a copper factory that produced dishes, as well as bells. In 1814, he acquired a lead-bleaching plant, and then helped his only son, Ivan, to buy the Yaroslavl silk-weaving factory of the Moscow merchants Kolosovs.

Ivan Porfiryevich Olovyanishnikov (03/25/1782 - 12/12/1859) also became a merchant of the 1st guild, but also a manufactory-adviser ; one of the first he received the title of hereditary honorary citizen; from 1833 to 1835 he was the Yaroslavl mayor. At the All-Russian Economic Exhibitions, silk products of his factory were awarded with awards (in 1829 - large silver, in 1831 - small gold). Under him, bells were cast for the St. Petersburg Trinity Cathedral (1834) and, of course, for numerous churches in the Yaroslavl province , including the belfry of Petrovsky (1835) and Avraamiev (1845) of the Rostov monasteries. In 1856, the master bell S. D. Charyshnikov cast for the belfry of the Rostov Assumption Cathedral the famous bell "Hunger."

Ivan Porfirevich Olovyanishnikov was married to Olga Ivanovna Korovainikova; had four sons ^[3] , one of which, Porfiry Ivanovich (08/10/1822 - 06/15/1888), converted the bell factory, turning it from a manufactory into a modern enterprise. For the now defunct Vlasyevsky Church of Yaroslavl, he cast a 1000-pound bell with the inscription "In memory of the dead father and mother." In 1861, he moved to Moscow, enrolled in Moscow merchants; opened a store selling mosaic goods and bells. Under him, the tin bells began to be sold abroad.

The bells of the plant of P.I. Olovyanishnikov for Bulgaria, 1877

During the Russo-Turkish war of 1877-1878, 7 bells for Bulgaria were cast (all of them were a gift from Porfiry Ivanovich) ^[4] . Rostov archpriest Aristarkh Aleksandrovich Israel invented a special tuning fork for bells, which allowed to create bells of the desired tone. Thanks to this, the Olovyanishnikovs produced whole bell sets called “bell surnames”.

The family business was continued by his sons Ivan (11.11.1844 - 12.20.1898) and Sergey (15.04.1856 - 10.10.1890) ^{[5] [6]} . However, since Sergey was deaf and dumb, Ivan was engaged in the production at the plant of the Partnership “P.I.Olovyanishnikov Sons”, he also conducted financial affairs and contacts with clients. In 1893 he enrolled in the Moscow merchants. After the death of Ivan Porfiryevich, his widow entered into inheritance rights, Evpraksia Georgievna (Egorovna) Olovyanishnikova (1851-1925) - the daughter of the Yaroslavl merchant G. S. Goroshkov. She bought, from the heirs of her husband’s brother Sergey ^[7] , a bell factory and converted it in 1901 into a closed joint-stock company on shares with declared capital of 1.5 million rubles - Commercial and industrial partnership “P.I. Olovyanishnikov’s sons ”; became its Chairman of the Board, which was located on Nikolskaya Street , in the house of Kazan Cathedral (d. 1), then - at the address: Pokrovsky Gates , d. 4. Even during the life of her husband in Moscow, she expanded the factory of church utensils (1889); near Yaroslavl, construction of new buildings of the Volkushinsky paint and varnish enterprise has begun ^[8] . In 1916, the partnership had two lead-bleaching plants, a lead-rolling plant, a paint-grater and a bell foundry.

The last owner of the bell plant, until 1917, was Nikolai Ivanovich Olovyanishnikov (10/12/1875 - 1918) ^[9] , who wrote the book “The History of Bells and Bell Casting ...” (1st ed. - Yaroslavl, 1906; 2nd ed. - M .: t-in P.I. Olovyanishnikova s-vey, 1912). The main master at the plant in 1868 was Ignatius Verevkin, and since 1905 his son, Ivan Verevkin ^[10] . The plant’s products have repeatedly participated in national and international exhibitions (New Orleans, 1885; Paris, 1889; Chicago, 1893, etc.). “In recognition of its exceptional services to Russia,” the plant was granted the exclusive right to place the image of the coat of arms of the Russian Empire on all of its products.

Moscow factory of church utensils ( Malaya Dvoryanskaya Street , founded in 1767, at the beginning of the 20th century was the second largest among 23 Moscow factories of a similar profile. The products of the factory were described in partnership publications: S. Vashkov. Religious art. A collection of works of church and civil utensils performed by the Partnership “PI Olovyanishnikov Sons.” 1901-1910 (M., 1911); Catalog of church supplies and other things exhibited at the International Exhibition in Turin. 1911 (M., 1911). In the years 1913-1915, Victor Ivanovich Olovyanish Nikikov (1874-1932), the vowel of the Moscow City Duma , published the monthly Svetilnik magazine , dedicated to the religious art of Russia and its history.

After 1917, the Moscow factory of church utensils and the Yaroslavl bell foundry were closed, and the lead-bleaching plant in Yaroslavl was nationalized. Family members who did not go abroad were shot or imprisoned in prisons and camps.

All generations of the Olovyanishnikovs have always been engaged in charity affairs, including: the construction of the highest bell tower and bridge across the Kotorosl River in Yaroslavl, the construction of an almshouse for elderly women and a repository of antiquities, financing the translation of the Bible into the Buryat language, etc.

Before the liquidation of the cemetery in the Moscow Novo-Alekseevsky monastery, there were the graves of the Olovyanishnikovs: Ivan Porfiryevich (1844–1898) and his son Porfiry Ivanovich (1870–1909).