Ningxia story

At the beginning of the III century BC these lands became part of the Chinese kingdom of Qin, and here the first counties began to be organized. After the kingdom of Qin conquered all other kingdoms and created the first centralized empire in the history of China , these lands became part of Beidi County (北 地 郡). Under the Western Han Empire , part of these lands became part of the new Anding County (安定 郡). Since the end of the Han era, these lands fell under the power of nomads for a long time.

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  Chinese lands in 376

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  Chinese lands in 406

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  Chinese lands in 416

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  Chinese lands in 423

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  Chinese lands in 436

In the second half of the IV century, these places became part of the Early Qin state , which united almost all of northern China, and then - into the Late Qin state . In 407, Helian Bobo created the Great Xia state here. Subsequently, the territory was captured by the troops of North Wei , who defeated Great Xia. Under the state of Northern Zhou, these lands became part of the Huaiyuan District (怀远 郡), and in 526 the Lingzhou Region (灵 州) was created.

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  North China ruled by the Empire of North Wei

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  North Wei split into West Wei and East Wei

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  Western Wei became Northern Zhou, Eastern - Northern Qi

At the time of the Sui empire in 607, the Lingzhou region was renamed Lingu County (灵武 郡). After the Sui empire changed to the Tang empire, Lingu County was again renamed the Lingzhou Region in 618.

During the An Lushan rebellion, the heir to the throne, Li Heng, who fled to these places, proclaimed himself emperor in 756, and from there led troops to liberate the capital of Chang'an .

At the end of the Tang era, the Tangut leader Toba Symi for helping suppress the uprising, Huang Chao received the rank of tzedushi of the Dinnan Military District (定 难 军) in 886. He managed to stay away from the turbulent events of the era of the Five Dynasties and 10 kingdoms, and after the unification of the country by the Song Empire, the next hereditary Tsedushi Li Jipeng in 1982 recognized the primacy of the new empire, but his younger brother Li Jiqian seized control of the Yinzhou region, and he recognized the authority Song then rebelled against her. In 1020, the son of Li Jiqiang, Li Deming moved his capital from Lingzhou to the village of Huaiyuan . In 1038, the grandson of Li Jiqiang, Li Yuanhao, proclaimed himself emperor of the state of Xi Xia .

In the years 1205-1227, Xi Xia was conquered by the Mongols . After the creation of the Yuan empire by Kublai , the country was divided into regions. In these places, the Zhongxing region (中兴 路) was created, then renamed Ningxafu (宁夏 府路).

When the Ming Empire replaced the Mongol Empire, the Ningxia Government (宁夏 府) of Gansu Province was created in these parts. In 1372, due to the threat of a Mongol attack, the government was disbanded, and the population was resettled inside the country, and these lands were empty. In 1376, the Ningxia Guard (宁夏 卫) was established. Under the Manchu Qing Empire, in 1724, the Ningxia Guard was again transformed into the Ningxia Council. In 1731, these places were badly damaged by a powerful earthquake , the magnitude of which was 8.0 units.

After the Xinhai Revolution , a reform of the administrative structure was carried out in China, during which governments and provinces were abolished in 1913, only tao regions remained between the county and provincial levels. The Ningxia (宁夏 道) region of Gansu Province was created , but then, so that its name would not be confused with the name of the Ningxia County, the region was renamed Shofan (朔方 道) by the name of the administrative unit that once existed here; 8 districts were subordinate to the region.

After the Beiyang government was overthrown as a result of the Northern Campaign and the Kuomintang party reigned in China, a new administrative reform was carried out and the regions were liquidated. In 1928, the Kuomintang government announced the creation of four new provinces, including the Ningxia province ^[1] . In 1932, Hui General Ma Hongkui , an ardent anti-communist who established a brutal feudal dictatorship in the province, became the governor of Ningxia ^[2] .

In August-September 1949, decisive battles broke out in Northwest China between the troops PLA under the command of Peng Dehuai and the northwestern militarists , during which the Kuomintang troops were completely defeated. On September 24, 1949, units of the 19th Corps (commander Yang Deji ) of the 1st Field Army entered Yinchuan without a fight. With this victory of the Communists ended both the Kuomintang power over the province and the rule of Ma Hongkui ^[3] .

In 1954, Ningxia Province was disbanded, and these lands became part of the Gansu Province (then a significant part of the lands of the former province was included in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region).

On October 25, 1958, the creation of the provincial-level administrative unit, the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, was proclaimed, the administrative center of which was Yinchuan ^{[4] [5]} .

• Moskalev A.A. Guangxi-Zhuang and Ningxia Hui Autonomous Regions of China. - M .: Nauka, 1979. - 152 p.
• Encyclopedia of the New China. - M .: Progress, 1989 .-- 509 p. - ISBN 5-01-002298-2 .