The Rotunda is the building of the Voronezh Regional Clinical Hospital of the 1930s, destroyed during the Battle of Voronezh and not restored as a memory of the Great Patriotic War . Monument to the history of regional significance.
| Historical monument | |
| Rotunda | |
|---|---|
 The ruins of the Rotunda. 2008 year | |
| A country |  Russia |
| Voronezh city | Voronezh |
| Architect | D.N. Chechulin |
| Status |  An object of cultural heritage of the peoples of the Russian Federation of regional significance. Reg. No. 361510410990005 ( EGROKN ). (Wikigid database) |
| Material | reinforced concrete, brick |
| condition | ruin |
The monument is located in the Transport square of the city of Voronezh, near the intersection of Burdenko and Transportnaya streets.
History
The four-story building of the therapeutic building of the regional clinical hospital was built by 1940 according to the project of Moscow architect Dmitry Chechulin [1] . The facade of the building was 130 m long [1] . At the northwestern end of the building, a round building of the educational building [1] was added, which stood out architecturally from the general view of the building. In this part of the hospital, in the center of the building, there was a large (for 500 people) two-tier round audience in the form of an amphitheater for lecturing to students of a medical institute [1] [2] . It was possible to get into the educational building both from the street, and from the therapeutic building, with which it was connected by a six-meter two-story gallery [1] (according to other sources, through the basement floor and the underground tunnel [2] ). In the building below, there was a spacious lobby with three concentric rows of columns, underneath - a basement with the same rhythm of columns [2] .
The building was constructed from monolithic reinforced concrete columns that make up a cylindrical frame, which was filled with brickwork [1] . A thin-walled reinforced concrete dome [1] [2] crowned the top of the structure. In the exterior, the building was two-story, in the interior - four-story [2] .
From July 7, 1942 until the city was liberated in January 1943, fierce battles of the Red Army and the Wehrmacht took place on the site of the "hospital campus": the district hospital area several times passed from one side to the other [1] [3] . During the fighting, the building received significant damage [1] : the dome crowning it [4] was broken. In the postwar years, there was not enough money to restore the hospital complex [1] . The brick walls of the Rotunda were pulled apart for building material, which was sorely lacking for the restoration of residential buildings [1] . As a result, by the beginning of the 1960s, only a reinforced concrete frame with columns and a dome remained from the building [1] . The building received the name " Rotunda " from the inhabitants of the city [5] [1] .
| Therapeutic building of the regional hospital in 1940. The rotunda in the picture on the left. | Rotunda before the war. | Rotunda during the war: German troops at the building. |
On November 11, 1965, the Voronezh City Council decided to save the remains of the ruins of the regional hospital as a monument to World War II [6] . In 1966, the city executive committee decided to create a memorial complex on the site of the battle at the hospital, which would include the Rotunda [7] . An open competition for the project was announced [7] . For implementation, as in the case of the memorial on the courage of Courage, for some reason they did not begin. In the 1960s and 1980s, work was carried out to preserve the ruins and create a memorial square around them.
No action was taken to preserve the monument in the 1990s and 2000s. As a result, on the night of February 23-24, 2008, the dome of the monument building collapsed [8] [4] . According to the statement by the head of the city culture department Ivan Chukhnov, “there are no technologies that could restore it,” and “if you remodel the building radically, its historical value will disappear” [8] .
| The rotunda after the liberation of Voronezh | Rotunda in 2008 (from almost the same angle as the picture on the left) | Rotunda in 2007 (before the collapse of the dome) |
Currently, the preserved skeleton of the building is a group of columns (including smaller ones in the basement), the remains of various concrete structures and interior decor (columns with stylized capitals of the Corinthian order, coffered ceilings) [2] .
The rotunda is the object of an excursion show [2] [9] . Previously, it was possible to inspect the basement, for which a descent was arranged, decorated with retaining walls of red brick, covered with reinforced concrete slabs [2] . Currently, it is filled and concreted [10] . Around the monument is a fence; a memorial plaque was installed near the monument [10] . In the square near the Rotunda the Vladimir Church [11] was built , the massive brick fence of which hid a monument from the side of Burdenko Street [6] .
On January 25, 2018, Minister of Culture Vladimir Medinsky, in response to a request from a Voronezh deputy, Yevgeny Revenko, commissioned the conservation of the Rotunda. It is known that the conservation of the monument has not been carried out since the 1980s. [12]
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Chesnokov G. A. Voronezh Architecture: History and Present. - Voronezh: Voronezh State Academy of Architecture and Civil Engineering, 1999. - 396 p.
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Historical and cultural heritage of the city of Voronezh. The head of the scientific project: E. A. Shulepova. Scientific editors: E. N. Chernyavskaya, T. S. Startseva. - Voronezh: Center for Spiritual Revival of the Black Earth Region, 2009. - 576 p.
- ↑ Battle of Voronezh . Date of treatment February 20, 2016.
- ↑ 1 2 The dome of the legendary Rotunda , Komsomolskaya Pravda (February 26, 2008), collapsed in Voronezh . Date of treatment February 21, 2016.
- ↑ Rotunda (Italian: rotonda, from Latin: rotundus - round) is a round construction in plan, usually crowned with a dome. Columns are often located around the perimeter of the rotunda.
- ↑ 1 2 Roman Prytkov, Roman Poprygin . Why did everyone forget about the Rotund , Mine! (November 19, 2013). Date of treatment February 21, 2016.
- ↑ 1 2 The Commune is dedicated to the feat of the fallen (September 17, 1966). Date of treatment February 20, 2016.
- ↑ 1 2 Voronezh will lose the Rotunda? The Commune (February 27, 2008). Date accessed February 20, 2016. (unavailable link)
- ↑ Victoria Vasilchenko . Voronezh became the eighth in the top 30 cities for patriotic tourism , RIA Voronezh (February 16, 2015). Date of treatment February 21, 2016.
- ↑ 1 2 Victoria Vasilchenko . The memorial plate of the Voronezh Rotunda fell (February 14, 2013). Date of treatment February 21, 2016.
- ↑ History of the Rotunda Monument
- ↑ Vladimir Medinsky was reminded of the Rotunda , Kommersant (January 26, 2018). Date of treatment January 26, 2018.
Literature
- Voronezh. Monuments of the city. - Voronezh: Publishing house "Commune". 1974.
- Grinko A.I. The Line of Military Glory (Memorial sites of the battles for Voronezh during the Great Patriotic War). - Voronezh: Central Black Book Publishing House, 1988. - 175 p. - S. 48-49
- Zagorovsky V.P. Voronezh: a historical chronicle. Voronezh, 1989. S. 193—194
- Kononov V. Voronezh. The history of the city in monuments and plaques. - Voronezh: Center for the Spiritual Revival of the Black Earth Region, 2005. - 352 p.
- Kononov V. Rotonda // AiF Chernozemye. - 1995. - No. 34.
- Kononov V.I. Monuments of Voronezh and the Voronezh region. - Voronezh: Central Black Book Publishing House, 1979. - 191 p. - S. 42
- Kononov V.I.Sacred memory. Monument to the military glory of Voronezh. - Voronezh: Album Creative Association. - 2005.
- Pulver E.A., Pulver Yu. E. Voronezh mosaic.- Voronezh: Central Black Earth Book Publishing House, 1983.- 208 p.
- Ruzanova E. Bummer memory // Voronezh courier. - 2008. - February 28.
- Furmenko I.P. Essays on the history of healthcare of the Voronezh region. Part 2. Voronezh, 1979. S.71-74
- Chekmenev Yu. Metamorphoses of memory // Coast. - 2000 .-- S. 13.
- Steinberg M. Will the monument be saved? // Voronezh courier. - 2009. - March 7.