Kirill Petrovich Kondrashin ( February 21 ( March 6 ) 1914 , Moscow - March 7, 1981 , Amsterdam ) - Soviet conductor . People's Artist of the USSR ( 1972 ), laureate of two Stalin Prizes ( 1948 , 1949 ) [5] and the Glinka State Prize of the RSFSR ( 1969 ).
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Biography
Born in Moscow in a musical family: his parents met in the orchestra of Sergei Kusevitsky in 1913. Father, Peter Andreevich Kondrashin (1875-1941), was a self-taught violinist, later played in the orchestra of the Moscow State Jewish Theater under the direction of Leo Pulver . Mother, Anna Mikhailovna Tamina (1887-1971), from a Riga Jewish family [6] [7] . In 1918, she became the first woman to compete in the Bolshoi Theater Orchestra [8] .
At the age of six, he began to learn to play the piano , studied at a music school, then at the Stasov Technical School (now the Stasov Children's Music School ) in Moscow. The growth of his musical horizons was greatly facilitated by studies in the theory of music with Nikolai Zhilyaev . By the age of 17, he preferred the profession of conductor, and in 1931 he entered the Moscow Conservatory in the class of opera and symphony conducting to Boris Khaikin [8] . In his student years he played percussion instruments in the orchestra of the Nemirovich-Danchenko Musical Theater (now the Moscow Academic Musical Theater named after K. S. Stanislavsky and Vl. I. Nemirovich-Danchenko ); Here, for the first time, I got up to the remote control - on October 25, 1934, I conducted the operetta “The Cornwall Bells ” by R. Planket [8] .
After graduating from the conservatory in 1936, he became the conductor of the Maly Opera and Ballet Theater in Leningrad , where under his direction the performances of Puccini 's operas The Girl from the West (1938), Chio-Cio-San (1939) and The Girl from the West, Pashchenko “Pompadours” (1940), Cheryomukhin “Kalinka” (1942), Mussorgsky “ Boris Godunov ”, Mozart “ The Wedding of Figaro ”, Dzerzhinsky “The Quiet Don” and others.
In 1943 he received an invitation to the Bolshoi Theater , which had just returned from evacuation from Kuibyshev . His repertoire has become much wider [8] . He worked with Samuel Samosud , Ari Pazovsky and Nikolai Golovanov . Under his direction, several new operas were staged (“ Enemy Strength ” by Serov (1947), “ Sold Bride ” by Smetana (1948), “ Rigoletto ” by Verdi (1945), “Bela” by Alexandrov (1946), “ Pebble ” by Monyushko (1949) , "The Snow Maiden " by Rimsky-Korsakov (1943, 1954) and others. In parallel, he also conducted concert activities (since 1938).
In the second half of the 1940s, he also began performing as a symphonic conductor [9] , including with the USSR State Academic Symphony Orchestra (cycle "Development of the violin concert", 1947-1948), the Moscow Youth Symphony Orchestra (Grand Prize of the Budapest Festival, 1949 ) and others. He performed compositions by Wagner , Glazunov , List , Myaskovsky , Prokofiev , Rachmaninov , Saint-Saens , Shostakovich , Tchaikovsky and many others.
In 1950-1953 and in 1972-1978 he taught at the Moscow Conservatory.
After leaving the Bolshoi Theater in 1956, he then performed exclusively as a symphony conductor [10] . At different times, David Oistrakh , Svyatoslav Richter , Mstislav Rostropovich , Emil Gilels , Leonid Kogan and other musicians played with the orchestras under his direction. At the First Tchaikovsky Competition in 1958, Van Cliburn played with the orchestra under his direction in the third round and gala concert, and in the same year he first visited the United States and Great Britain.
Chairman of the jury of the 2nd (1966) and 3rd (1971) All-Union competitions of conductors.
In 1960-1975, he headed the Symphony Orchestra of the Moscow Philharmonic Society , which, under his direction, became one of the leading musical groups in the country. With the orchestra, as well as independently (since 1948) he toured in many countries of Europe and America.
He talked about music on radio and television.
In December 1978, during a tour in the Netherlands , after another concert, he decided not to return to the USSR. Soon he received the seat of the chief guest conductor of the Concertgebouw Orchestra in Amsterdam , and in 1981 he was to lead the Bavarian Radio Symphony Orchestra , but he suddenly died of a heart attack on March 7, 1981 . He was buried in Amsterdam at the Westerfeld cemetery [11] .
Since 1984, the Kondrashin International Competition for Young Conductors has been held in Amsterdam.
Creativity
It is considered one of the largest conductors of the XX century [12] . In his own words, he sought, like the conductors of past years, to develop his own unique and inimitable sound of the orchestra. During his work with the Moscow Philharmonic Orchestra, he performed many compositions by classical and contemporary authors, including a cycle from all of Mahler’s symphonies (for promoting the composer's work he was awarded the Gold Medal of the International Society of Gustav Mahler [13] ), as well as works by Bartok , Hindemith , Khachaturian , Weinberg , Sviridov , Boris Tchaikovsky (who dedicated his second symphony to the conductor) and many other composers. He performed all 15 Shostakovich symphonies, with the fourth and thirteenth of his symphonies being performed for the first time (respectively, in 1961 and 1962).
Among the recorded recordings are works by Brahms (all symphonies; concert for violin and orchestra with David Oistrakh ), Weinberg (symphonies No. 4-6), Dvorak (concert for violin and orchestra with D. Oistrakh), Mahler (symphonies No. 1–3 7, 9), Prokofiev (“Cantata on the 20th anniversary of the October Revolution”, “ Ala and Loliy ”), Ravel (“Spanish Rhapsody”, “Waltz”), Rachmaninov (“ Bells ”, “ Symphonic Dances ”, concerts No. 2, 3 for piano and orchestra with Van Cliburn ), Rimsky-Korsakov (“The Snow Maiden”, concert for piano and orchestra with Svyatoslav Richter ), Scriabin (1 part of the “Preliminary action” edited by Nemtin - the first record), Tchaikovsky (symphonies No. 1, 4, 5, 6, concert No. 1 for piano with Van Kliburn ), Shostakovich (all symphonies, “October”, “Execution of Stepan Razin”, “The Sun Shines Over Our Motherland”, concert No. 2 for violin and orchestra with David Oistrakh) and others.
He reflected some of his thoughts and methods of working with the orchestra in the book “On Conducting Art”, which was published in 1972 .
Awards and titles
- Diploma of the I All-Union Competition of Conductors (1938)
- Honored Artist of the RSFSR (1951)
- People's Artist of the RSFSR (1965)
- People's Artist of the USSR (1972)
- The Stalin Prize of the first degree (1948) - for conducting the opera performance “Enemy Force” by A. N. Serov on the Bolshoi Theater
- Stalin Prize of the second degree (1949) - for conducting the opera performance “ Sold Bride ” by B. Smetana on the stage of the Bolshoi Bolshoi branch
- State Prize of the RSFSR named after M.I. Glinka (1969) - for concert programs (1966-1967) and (1967-1968)
- Order of the Red Banner of Labor
- Medals.
- Grammy Award (1960) - for the best classical performance - instrumental solo performer (with orchestra) (conductor, together with Van Cliburn & the Symphony of the Air Orchestra - “ Concert for piano and orchestra No. 3 (Rachmaninov) ”).
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 German National Library , Berlin State Library , Bavarian State Library , etc. Record # 119033569 // General regulatory control (GND) - 2012—2016.
- ↑ BNF ID : 2011 Open Data Platform .
- ↑ Find a Grave - 1995. - ed. size: 165000000
- ↑ Kondrashin Kirill Petrovich // Great Soviet Encyclopedia : [in 30 vol.] / Ed. A. M. Prokhorov - 3rd ed. - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia , 1969.
- ↑ kondrashin
- ↑ Gregor Tassie "Kirill Kondrashin: His Life in Music" (pp. 2 & 226) . The Scarecrow Press, 2010.
- ↑ V. Razhnikov “Cyril Kondrashin talks about music and life” (Chapter One: The Ordinary Start). M .: Soviet composer, 1989. According to the biography of Gregor Tessi, being of different faiths, parents did not register marriage. According to the memoirs of Cyril Kondrashin, his grandfather, a sworn attorney from Riga, adopted Orthodoxy with his wife.
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 Grigoriev L., Platek J. Kirill Petrovich Kondrashin // Modern conductors . - M. , 1969.
- ↑ The exact date of Kondrashin's debut as a symphony conductor is debated.
- ↑ Tevosyan A.T. Kondrashin // Moscow Conservatory from its origins to the present day ... M., 2007, p. 254.
- ↑ Necropolis
- ↑ Kirill Petrovich Kondrashin - 100th anniversary of his birth (inaccessible link) . Date of treatment August 8, 2015. Archived December 22, 2015.
- ↑ Goldmedaille unopened . Gesellschaft . Internationale Gustav Mahler Gesellschaft. Date of treatment August 8, 2015.
Bibliography
- Razhnikov V. Kondrashin talks about music and life. - M .: Music, 1989
- Kondrashin K. Conductor's World (Technology of Inspiration) - L., 1976.
- Kondrashin K. On Conducting Art. L., M., 1970.
Links
- Discography of Kondrashin
- Kirill Kondrashin on the website Belcanto.ru
- Kirill Kondrashin on the Allmusic website