The VEGF receptor is a receptor with tyrosine kinase activity , activated by the VEGF signal protein ( Eng. Vascular endothelial growth factor ) [3] [4] . Three types of receptors are known, which are numbered as 1, 2, and 3. Depending on alternative splicing, they are membrane-bound and soluble [5] .
Receptor Work
All members of the VEGF protein family stimulate the cellular response by binding to receptor tyrosine kinases on the cell surface; activation of these proteins occurs by transphosphorylation. All VEGF receptors have an extracellular part consisting of 7 immunoglobulin-like regions, one transmembrane region and an intracellular part containing a tyrosine kinase domain. The VEGF-A protein binds to the receptors VEGFR-1 (Flt-1) and VEGFR-2 (KDR / Flk-1); however, the VEGFR-2 receptor acts as a mediator in almost all known cell responses to VEGF . The functions of the VEGFR-1 receptor are less clearly defined (although it is believed that it modulates VEGFR-2 signals). Another function of VEGFR − 1 is that it can act as an “empty” receptor, isolating the VEGF protein from the VEGFR-2 receptor (which seems especially important during angiogenesis during embryo development) [3] .
Receptor Distribution
Three types of receptors perform the same function, but are produced in different cells. VEGFR1 and VEGFR2 are expressed exclusively in endothelial cells, and VEGFR2 also in their predecessors, and then in most capillaries of developing organs in the early stages of embryogenesis. VEGFR3 is also expressed by endothelial cells of early embryos, but it is mainly limited to late stage venous and lymphatic endothelium.
Notes
- ↑ cancerpublications.com.
- ↑ Interactions of VEGF ligands and VEGF receptors ResearchVEGF.com, retrieved on November 13, 2009
- ↑ 1 2 Holmes K., Roberts OL, Thomas AM, Cross MJ. Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2: structure, function, intracellular signalling and therapeutic inhibition. (English) // Cell Signal. : journal. - 2007 .-- October ( vol. 19 , no. 10 ). - P. 2003-2012 . - DOI : 10.1016 / j.cellsig.2007.05.01.013 . - PMID 17658244 .
- ↑ Stuttfeld E., Ballmer-Hofer K. Structure and function of VEGF receptors (neopr.) // IUBMB Life. - 2009. - September ( t. 61 , No. 9 ). - S. 915-922 . - DOI : 10.1002 / iub.234 . - PMID 19658168 .
- ↑ Fujita, N .; Imai, J .; Suzuki, T .; Yamada, M .; Ninomiya, K .; Miyamoto, K .; Iwasaki, R .; Morioka, H .; Matsumoto, M .; Chiba, K .; Watanabe, S .; Suda, T .; Toyama, Y .; Miyamoto, T. Vascular endothelial growth factor-A is a survival factor for nucleus pulposus cells in the intervertebral disc (Eng.) // Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications : journal. - 2008. - Vol. 372 , no. 2 . - P. 367-372 . - DOI : 10.1016 / j.bbrc.2008.05.044 . - PMID 18492486 .
Links
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors in the US National Medical Library Index