Samsu-ditan (Sa-am-su-di-ta-na) - king of Babylon , ruled around 1626 - 1595 BC. e., the last of the I Babylonian (Amorite) dynasty .
Biography
The son of King Ammi-tzaduki .
Almost nothing is known about the events of his reign. The list of his dating formulas has not reached us completely, and the formulas themselves are empty and for the most part have come down to us in a very abbreviated form.
In 1595 BC e. (according to the “Middle” chronology), the Hittite king Mursili I , apparently, in alliance with the Kassites of thekingdom of Haney , undertook a campaign against Babylon and destroyed it. The statues of the patron saint of Babylon, the god Marduk and his wife, the goddess Tsarpanit, were taken away from the destroyed main temple of E-sagila and delivered to Hana . Samsu Ditan seems to have died.
The news of this campaign came to us only from a Hittite source, therefore he is silent about the Kassites , but it must be assumed that they played a significant role in this campaign against Babylon , maybe no less than the Hittites . We know that individual Kassites by the end of the XVII century BC.e. were in the service of the kings of Babylon , they could serve as scouts for his enemies. It is very likely that the purely military role of the Kassite contingent in the army of Mursili I was great. This clearly explains why the main trophy - the statue of Marduk was not taken to the Hittite kingdom , but remained in the Kassit center in Khan .
The rules of Samsu Ditan are 31 years old.
Samsu Ditan List of Dating Formulas
1 year 1626/1625BCe.
The year when King Samsu-ditan, obeying the imperious order of Marduk , who ensured the succession to the throne, [instituted justice among the people]
JNES [1] 14 138; YOS [2] 13 324
mu sa-am-su-di-ta-na lugal-e inim mah-a d marduk-ke 4 lugal-bal-a-ni mu-un-ge-en-na-am 3 / bi 2 -in-ge -en-na-ta
2 year 1625/1624BCe.
The year after the year when [Samsu-ditan] obeying the imperious order of Marduk, who ensured the succession to the throne, [instituted justice among the people]
JNES 14 138; YOS 13,262
mu gibil egir inim mah-a d marduk-ke 4 lugal-bal-a-na bi 2 -in-gi-in-na-ta
3 year 1624/1623BCe.
a
The year when An and Enlil , truly and immutable, announced to him ...
JNES 14 138; YOS 13 333
mu an d en-lil 2 -bi inim / du 11 -ga zi-da mu-un-na- [an-sum-ma-a] / in-na-an-ne-esz-aa
b
The year when ... the right to say Marduk
JNES 14 160g
mu ... du 11 -ga zi-da d marduk-ra
4 year 1623/1622BCe.
The year when King Samsu-ditan, ascended to the heights of power by Shamash and Adad ...
JNES 14 138
mu sa-am-su-di-ta-na lugal-e d utu d iszkur-bi sag-bi an-sze 3 ib 2 -ta-an-il 2 -esz-a / sag ra-a ib 2 -ta -an-ne 2 -esz-a
5 year 1622/1621BCe.
The year when [Samsu-ditan] with all the might of Shamash and Marduk ...
JCS [3] 13 34:25
mu usu gal-gal-la d utu d marduk-bi-da-ke 4
6 year 1621/1620BCe.
The year when [Samsu-ditan brought as a gift to the temple] Esagila for Marduk, the hero who ensured the succession to the throne, a magnificent “ shield ” -weapon, which is the greatest weapon of the deity
JNES 14 152
mu d marduk ur-sag-ga 2 ... lugal-bal-a-ni bi 2 -in-ge-na-ta szita 2gisz tukul dingir mah-a e 2 -sag-il 2 -sze 3 in-ne-en -ku 4 -ra
7 year 1620/1619BCe.
a
The year when King Samsu-ditan made many solar disks from agate , emblems shining like daylight, decorated with lapis lazuli , red gold and polished silver, and worked them with all perfection, and presented them as a gift [to the temple] of Ebabbar for Shamash, Lord who sits in heaven [and] by whose grace the limits of his kingdom have expanded
JNES 14 153
mu sa-am-su-di-ta-na lugal-e asz-me didli-a na4 du 8 -szi-a-ke 4 szu-nir-ra u 4 -gim i 3 -zalag-gi-esz-a na4 za-gin 3 -na ku 3 -sig 17 husz-a ku 3 -luh-a-bi-da-ke 4 szu-a mah-bi ib 2 -ta-an-du 7 -usz-a bi 2 - in-dim 2 -ma-am 3d utu en an-ta gal 2 -la-asz nam-lugal-a-ni bi 2 -ib 2 -gu-la-asz e 2 -babbar-ra-sze 3 in- ne-en-ku 4 -ra
b
The year when the king of Samsu-ditan made agate sun disks, emblems shining like daylight, decorated with lapis lazuli, sparkling gold and polished silver, and worked them with all perfection and presented them as a gift [to the temple] Ebabbar for Shamash, Lord, which sits in heaven, [and] by whose grace the limits of his kingdom have expanded
CAD [4] Syeriszu
sza-at-tum sza sa-am-su-di-ta-na szar-rum sza-am-sza-a-tim sza duszi szu-ri-ni sza ki-ma u 4 -mi nam-ru i-na uqni hurasyi huszszi kaspi mi-si syi-ri-isz szu-uk-lu-la ib-nu-u 2 -ma a-na d szamasz be-lim sza-qi-i mu-szar-bi szar-ru-ti -szu a-na e 2 -babbar-ri u 2 -sze-lu-u 2
8 year 1619/1618BCe.
The year when [Samsu-ditan did] for Enlil, Mr. Babylon his statue with attributes of power
JNES 14 138
mu d en-lil 2 en ka 2 -dingir-ra ki alan nam-en-na-ni
9 year 1618/1617BCe.
a
A year, after a year, when for God [Enlil], his statue with the attributes of power
JNES 14 154
mu gibil egir dingir alan nam-en-na-ni
b
The year when [the king made] statues of patron gods depicting them naked (?)
JNES 14 138
mu dingir-lamma dingir-lamma-a su bar-su 3 -ga-ke 4
10 year 1617/1616BCe.
a
The year when [Samsu-ditan] ... made in Babylon his statue for Nun the great lord of the gods / for lord Nunn, a hero among the gods
JNES 14 154
mu d nanna en gal-la dingir / d nanna en nir-gal 2 dingir-re-e-ne-er alan-a-ni ka 2 -dingir-ra ki in-dim 2 -ma / mi-ni-in- dim 2 -ma
b
The year when [Samsu-ditan] made his statue for the great Lord Nunn and donated it to the [temple] Enitend
JNES 14 160
mu alan-a-ni d nanna en gal-la mi-ni-in-dim 2 -ma e 2 -ni 2 -te-en-du 10 -sze 3 in-ne-ku 4 -ra
c
The year when [Samsu-ditan] made his statue for Inanna of Madame Babylon
YOS 13,206; BM [5] 78663
mu alan-a-ni d inanna nin ka 2 -dingir-ra ki -ma mi-ni-in-dim 2 -ma [e 2 -ni 2 -te-en-du 10 -sze 3 in-ne-ku 4 -ra]
11 year 1616/1615BCe.
a
The year when his statue ... in the [temple] Ebabbar
JCS 13 46
mu alan-a-ni ... ... e 2 -babbar-ra-sze 3 ...
b
The year when [Samsu-ditan] brought to the chosen place in the [temple] Ebabbar for Shamash, the great Lord of heaven and earth, his statue holding a golden teeth in his hand - a weapon
JNES 14,154; BM 79643
mu d utu en sag-kal an-ki-a-ba-asz alan-a-ni zubi ku 3 -sig 17 -ga-ke 4 szu-a an-da-gal 2 -la ki / szu ba-an- ha-za-a e 2 -babbar-ra-sze 3 in-ne 2 -en-ku 4 -ra
12 year 1615/1614BCe.
The year when [Samsu-ditan] for Marduk the great / incomparable warrior among the gods brought his statue ... to the [temple] Esagila
JNES 14,155; Ungnad 1938 192
mu d marduk ur-sag gal / mah-a dingir-re-e-ne-ke 4 alan-a-ni ... e 2 -sag-il 2 -sze 3 in-ne-en-ku 4 -ra
13 year 1614/1613BCe.
The year when [Samsu-ditan made] his statue [representing him] seated on a throne and brought it to the Enitenda
JNES 14,155; YOS 13 22
mu alan-a-ni dur 2 -bi asz-te-ta in-ne-da-ra-gar-ra e 2 -ni 2 -te-en-du 10 -sze 3 in-ne-ku 4 -ra
14 year 1613/1612BCe.
The year when [Samsu-ditan] presented [the temple] Esagila a plate made of shiny silver for Lady Tsarpanit , which is found in heaven
JNES 14,155; BE [6] 6 / I 115
mu d pap-nun-an-ki nin an-ta gal 2 -la-asz ki-ne / gunni ku 3 -babbar u 3 -tu-da zalag-ga e 2 -sag-il 2 -sze 3 in-ku 4 -ra
15 year 1612/1611BCe.
The year when [the king of Samsu-ditan made] his statue [representing him] as the leader set by the army
JNES 14,155; BM 79156
mu alan-a-ni igi ka keszda 2 ugnim-ma
16 year 1611/1610BCe.
The year when Urash / Ninurta , the powerful Lord, allowed him to achieve the desired with all his heart
JNES 14 155
mu d urasz / d nin-urta en gir 3 -ra sza 3 -kur-ku-da-na sa 2 -an-na-ra ab-be 2 -ea-asz
17 year 1610/1609BCe.
The year when [Samsu-ditan] donated Esagila to [the temple] of Naboo , the greatest Lord, his statue [representing him] going
JNES 14 155
mu d na-bi-um en gal-di / gal-la alan-a-ni gir 3 -ri-a an-dib-ba-a e 2 -sag-il 2 -la-sze 3 in-ni-ku 4 -ra
18 year 1609/1608BCe.
The year when for Marduk the great ruler ...
BE 6.1 118; BM 79213; BBVO [7] 1,121
mu d marduk nun gal-la-ni
19 year 1608/1607BCe.
A year, after a year, when for Marduk the great ruler
BE 6.1 113
mu gibil egir d marduk nun gal-la-ni
20 year 1607/1606BCe.
Year of various lightnings
JNES 14 156
mu nim-gir 2 didli-a
21 years 1606/1605BCe.
The year when the statue commemorates his dominion / [representing him], the lord and a chair made of red gold in a distant place ...
JNES 14 156
mu alan nam-nun-na-ni dur 2 -gar ku 3 -sig 17 husz-a ki-bad-ra 2
22 year 1605/1604BCe.
a
Year after year when the statue commemorates its sovereignty
JCS 13 46f
mu gibil egir alan nam-nun-na-ni
b
A year, after a year, when the statue commemorates his dominion / the statue [representing him], by the lord and a chair made of red gold in a distant place ...
JNES 14 156
mu gibil egir alan nam-nun-na-ni dur 2 -gar ku 3 -sig 17 husz-a ki-bad-ra 2 -a ... - ... - ...
23 or 24 year 1604/1603 or 1603/1602BCe.
The year when [Samsu-ditan made] a statue [representing him] taking a golden scepter
JNES 14 157
mu alan-a-ni gisz gidru-a ku 3 -sig 17 -ga szu ba-an-ha-za-a
24 or 25 year 1603/1602 or 1602/1601BCe.
Year when his statue [representing him] with a prayer gesture of a show of hands presenting a lamb
JCS 11 93; VS [8] 22 54
mu alan-a-ni sila 4 igi-du 8 -a szu-na bi 2 -in-il 2 -la
25 or 26 year 1602/1601 or 1601/1600BCe.
The year after the year when his statue [representing him] presenting the lamb
JNES 14 138; VS 12 35
mu us 2 -sa alan-a-ni sila 4 igi-du 8 -a
26 or 27 year 1601/1600 or 1600/1599BCe.
The year when his statue holding a branch of justice
JNES 14,157; JCS 30 236
mu alan-a-ni u 3 -luh-ha ni 3 -si-sa 2 szu an-da-gal 2 -la / szu-a bi 2 -in-du 8 -a / szu-a bi 2 -da- di-a
B
The year when the king of Samsu Ditan ...
JNES 14 160; Pinches, Peek 1
mu sa-am-su-di-ta-na lugal-e asz-ka kur igi-kur-aa
D
The year when King Samsu Ditan is for Enlil? a wise master who surpasses the wisdom and knowledge of all gods (possibly the 8th year of Samsu-ditan)
BE 6/2 133
mu sa-am-su-di-ta-na lugal-e d en-lil 2 ? nun masz-su igi-gal 2 -la dingir-re-ne
E
The year when ... Enlil the great lord ... (maybe 8 year of Samsu Ditan)
JNES 14 160
mu ... d en-lil 2 en-na ib 2 -gu-la
F
The year when ... his statue adorned with silver and gold
JNES 14 160h
mu ... alan-a-ni ku 3 -sig 17 ku 3 -babbar-ra-ke 4
G
The year when ... his magnificent statue
JNES 14 160 i
mu ... alan-a-ni mah ...
H
The year when ... patron gods of gold ...
JNES 14 160
mu ... sag mu 2 -mu 2 dingir-lamma ku 3 -sig 17
I
The year when ...
JNES 14 160j
mu ... kar-ku
J
A year, after a year when ...
JNES 14 160k
mu us 2 -sa kar-ku ...
K
Third year …
JNES 14 160l
mu 3-kam-ma us 2 -sa kar-ku ...
Notes
↑Journal of Near Eastern Studies.- Chicago: 1942 ff./ Journal of the Middle East.- Chicago : 1942 et seq.
↑Yale Oriental Series, Babylonian Texts (New Haven 1915 ff.) / Yale East Series, Babylonian Texts ( New Haven 1915 et seq.)
↑Journal of Cuneiform Studies (New Haven ... Baltimore 1947 ff.) / Journal of Cuneiform Studies (New Haven ... Baltimore 1947 et seq.)
↑The Assyrian Dictionary of the University of Chicago.- Chicago: 1956 ff./ Assyrian Dictionary of the University of Chicago.- Chicago : 1956 et seq.
↑Museum siglum of the British Museum, London / Museum Sigl in the British Museum , London
↑The Babylonian Expedition of the University of Pennsylvania (Philadelphia 1893 ff.) / University of Pennsylvania Babylonian Expedition ( Philadelphia 1893 et seq.)
↑Berliner Beiträge zum Vorderer Orient (Berlin 1982 ff.) / Berlin contribution to the Middle East ( Berlin 1982 et seq.)
↑Vorderasiatische Schriftdenkmaler der (Koniglichen) Museen zu Berlin.- Berlin: 1907 ff./ Written Monuments (Tsarist) of the Middle East.Museum in Berlin.- Berlin : 1907 et seq.
Literature
History of the Ancient East.The origin of the oldest class societies and the first foci of slave civilization.Part 1. Mesopotamia / Edited by I. M. Dyakonov .- M .: The main edition of the eastern literature of the publishing house " Science ", 1983. - 534 p.- 25,050 copies.