Krutoyarsky (Chelyabinsk region)

Located on the border with Kazakhstan , on the left bank of the Uy River. The distance to Oktyabrsky is 42 km. The nearest settlements are the village of Petrovsky and the village of Bykovo .

It was founded in 1743 by the head of the Orenburg Commission, I.I. Neplyuev , as one of the strongholds of the Lower Uy (Zverinogolovskaya) distance of the Uy border line , which was part of the Orenburg border fortified line . ^[2] Initially, the fortress garrison consisted of two companies of dragoons , and armament - 2 copper and 5 cast-iron cannons. Logs served as the material of the walls and bastions . Along the perimeter, the fortress was surrounded by slingshots . ^[3]

According to Colonel Avdeev (1901), already in 1758 , the population of the Krutoyarsk fortress was 572 people (316 men and 256 women). According to the data contained in the painting of the Tobolsk diocese of the Trinity order of the Uyisk line of 1758, the fourth and fifth companies of the Orenburg dragoon regiment served in the fortress ^[4] .

On May 13, 1764, the regiment was called the Orenburg Dragoon Regiment of the Field, and at the end of 1768 all units of the regiment were concentrated in the Trinity Fortress and from December 21 of that year were sent to Astrakhan, and in October 1769 they were assigned to the acquisition of the Moscow Legion ^{[5 ]} .

In the period from 1766 to August 1771 in the fortresses of the Orenburg border line, instead of the Orenburg Dragoon Regiment, service was carried out by units of the Alekseevsky Infantry , Sheshminsky, Sergievsky, and Bilyarsky landmilitsky (from January 1769 dragoon) regiments. In the fortresses of Nizhneiaitskaya and Krasnogorsk distances, the Sergievsky regiment served, at the Orsk and Kizil distances - Bilyarsky, in the fortresses of the Uyskaya line - the Sheshminsky regiment. In August 1771, the above dragoon regiments were disbanded, and their personnel turned to the formation of 5 garrison battalions, which determined the headquarters in the Ozernaya, Kizilskaya , Verkhoyitskaya , Troitskaya , Zverinogolovskaya fortresses and 3 light field teams (cohorts), which were placed in Orenburg , Orsk and Troitsk . ^[6]

In June 1771 , Nikolai Petrovich Rychkov, son of P.I. , visited the Krutoyarskaya fortress . Rychkova . In his work “Daytime Notes of the Captain N. Rychkov’s Journey to the Kyrgyz Kaisak Steppe in 1771” published by the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences in 1772 , he describes what he saw as follows: “I didn’t notice anything worthy of note around this village: it is enclosed by a wooden castle quadrangular figures, loopholes and towers, equipped with a satisfactory number of artillery. The buildings in it are not as wide as in the Ust-Uy fortress, and the inhabitants are not as wealthy as the first. ” ^[7]

On August 31, 1771 , the Zverinogolovsky border battalion was formed. Zverinogolovsky battalion served in the fortresses of Zverinogolovskaya , Krutoyarskaya and Ust-Uyskaya .

During its existence (a little over 65 years) has repeatedly changed its name, organization and subordination:

• Since January 9, 1797 it was called the garrison of Major General Angelar Regiment.
• On July 5, 1798, he became the Zverinogolovsky garrison battalion, the chief of which was Colonel (from May 22, 1799, Major General) Gogel 1st Genrikh Grigorievich.
• March 4, 1800 from the Saratov, Zverinogolovsky and Kizilsky battalions was formed garrison regiment "M", the chief of which was appointed Major General Gogel 1st.
• On November 30, 1800, Major General Korf Nikolai Fedorovich became the chief of the regiment.
• On July 3, 1801, the battalion was allocated from the Korf regiment as the Zverinogolovsky garrison battalion.
• On April 4, 1829, the battalion was renamed the Orenburg Linear No. 12 battalion.
• On May 8, 1837, the battalion was named the Orenburg Linear No. 4 battalion and relocated to the Orsk fortress ^[5] .

During the Peasant War of 1773-1775. Kazakhs of the Middle Zhuz who took part in the war on the side of the rebels repeatedly attacked the fortress ^[8] .

At the beginning of the XIX century, the settlement begins with the Cossacks. Also, Poles were exiled to the Cossacks for participation in the 1830 uprising.

According to the All-Russian Census , in 2010 the population of the village was 925 people (427 men and 498 women).

The street network of the village consists of 16 streets and 15 lanes ^[10] .