Nick Baal , birth name of Caroline Schweigor Nikolausen ( Caroline Schweigaard Nicolaysen ; January 1, 1905, Oslo (Christiania), Norway - May 28, 1960) - Norwegian psychiatrist. Her work with children and adolescents earned the name "mother of Norwegian child and adolescent psychiatry." During World War II she was a member of the Resistance. The Israeli Institute for Catastrophe and Heroism, Yad Vashem, awarded her the honorary title of “the righteous of the world ” [1] [2] [3] .
| Nick Baal | |
|---|---|
| Birth name | |
| Date of Birth | January 1, 1905 |
| Place of Birth | Christiania |
| Date of death | May 28, 1960 (55 years old) |
| A place of death | Norway |
| Citizenship |  Norway |
| Occupation | psychiatrist |
| Spouse | |
| Children | |
| Awards and prizes |
|
Content
- 1 Biography
- 1.1 Childhood and youth
- 1.2 Professional development
- 1.3 War, Resistance and Assistance to Jews
- 1.4 Post-war activities
- 1.5 Recent years
- 2 Professional activities
- 3 Literature
- 4 See also
- 5 Links
- 6 notes
Biography
Childhood and Youth
Caroline Schweigaard Nicolaysen ( Caroline Schweigaard Nicolaysen ) in childhood was known as Bitteba. She was the youngest of four children of Officer Wilhelm Bernhoft Nicolaysen , and Anna Horn. Grew in Oslo inquisitive, sensitive child. Her son en: Helge Waal , said that in childhood she suffered from a psychosomatic illness and because of this she even studied at home in her first year at the gymnasium. Then, starting in the fall of 1921 , Nick visited en: Oslo Katedralskole , where famous people such as en: Trygve Bull , en: Karl Evang and en: Trygve Braatøy studied with her [1] .
She entered the University of Oslo , became a radical socialist and graduated in 1930. Nick was a member of the en: Mot Dag movement and worked for the editors of Æsculap . Her political beliefs forced Nick to the end of his life to engage in social issues, especially related to children, adolescents and women [1] .
Professional Development
Student Nick first encountered psychoanalysis , this was also facilitated by the girl’s own psychological problems. In 1927, she married writer Sigurd Hoole [4] . She continued to study psychoanalysis in Berlin under the direction of en: Salomea Kempner , [5] and in 1933-1934 was admitted to the German and Danish-Norwegian psychoanalytic associations [2] . In 1936 she divorced Hoole and in 1937 she married Wessel Baal, taking his last name [1] .
In Berlin, she met Wilhelm Reich and followed him when he fled from the Nazi regime to Norway. Then she studied with another refugee - Austrian Otto Fenichel , and then worked with Reich until 1939, when she opened her own psychiatric practice and began working in the Gaustad Psychiatric Hospital , this continued until 1947 [3] .
War, Resistance, and Helping Jews
During the German occupation of Norway from 1940 to 1945, Baal participated in the activities of the Resistance Movement. She was a key figure in the successful evacuation of a group of Jewish children when it became known that they would be deported soon to be destroyed [6] . For these actions, she was credited to the number of Norwegian righteous people of the world . Nick also worked in the Norwegian underground intelligence, known as en: XU . [7] . In the spring of 1945, she was briefly arrested. I fled to Sweden .
Post-war activities
Immediately after the end of the war, Baal regained its professional activity. She remained on staff at the Gaustad Mental Hospital and also worked at Ullevål University Hospital in Denmark, the USA , Switzerland and France. In 1951 she received a certificate of psychiatrist, and in 1953, one of the first in Norway in the field of child and youth psychiatry [1] .
After she was unable to get a job at the Institute for Child and Youth Psychiatry, Baal founded and headed her own (see en: Nic Waals Institutt ) [1] .
Recent years
Nick remained the director of her own institute until her death in 1960, also finding time to help juvenile delinquents. She gave birth to two children, he Wessel Waal ( Wessel Waal ) - a psychiatrist en: Helge Waal (who became her biographer) and a child psychologist en: Berit Waal Skaslien . In 1951, she divorced her husband and married en: Alex Helju . He died due to a water accident in 1954 [1] [8] .
Professional Activities
Having begun her professional career under the influence of personal psychological problems, Baal showed great zeal in research and social activities, as well as in teaching. She has contributed to the following disciplines [1] :
- Psychoanalysis and psychiatry . However, she, having absorbed the ideas of Reich, was not under their influence and worked independently. Contributed to psychiatric-somatic diagnostic techniques;
- Norwegian child and adolescent psychiatry, in which she was a pioneer;
- Human sexuality , including childhood and adolescence;
- Education. Her institute has developed educational programs for teaching six professions, including those not related to psychiatry and medicine, for example, a psychologist , a social worker and a specialist in clinical education.
Shortly before her death, she said in an interview with Norwegian radio the following:
| Many people think one thing with their head, and feel another with their hearts. Many, thinking, completely turn off their feelings. Often this is called logical. But the heart also has its own logic. They say that women think with their hearts - as if they are talking about something despicable .... I tend to think that the restless and spontaneous heart behind the opinion is the most important in the opinions - earlier, now and in the future. |
| Svært mange mennesker mener noe med hodet og føler noe annet med hjertet. Mange stenger helt av for hva de føler når de tenker. Det kalles ofte å være logisk. Men hjertet har også sin logikk. Det sies lett at kvinnen tenker med hjertet - som om det var foraktelig. (...) Jeg er tilbøyelig til å si at det urolige og spontane hjertet bak meningene var og er det viktigste i meninger før, nå og i fremtiden. |
[3]
The Nick Baal Institute, although it has been renamed for some time, remains one of the leading in the country [9] .
Literature
- Waal, Nic. Filmen og barna: [] . - Oslo: Tiden, 1938. - a book on the medium of film and its effect on children.
- Waal, Nic. Vi og smårollingene våre i det første året: [] . - Oslo: Tiden, 1948. - a book on parenting infants.
- Waal, Nic. Personlighetsdiagnostikk med henblikk på strukturbeskrivelse: utkast til begrepssystem: [] . - Oslo: Nic Waals Institutt, 1956. - "Personality diagnosis with the purpose of structural descriptions - a publication of her institute.
- Waal, Nic. Nic Waal's metode for somatisk psykodiagnostikk: beskrivelse av undersøkelsesmetoden med utkast til begrepssystem: [] . - Oslo: Nic Waals Institutt, 1957. - an outline of Waal's somatic diagnostic methodology.
- Waal, Nic. Er det foreldrenes skyld? : [] . - Oslo: Cappelen, 1962. - published posthumously, but translated to several languages, on the role of parenting and sexual neuroses.
- Waal, Nic. Utvalgte faglige skrifter: [] / Anne-Marie Auestad, Borger Haavardsholm. - Oslo, 1969. - selected writings by Nic Waal.
- Waal, Helge. Nic Waal: det urolige hjerte: [] . - Oslo: Pax, 1991 .-- biography authored by her son, Helge Waal.
- Rottem, Øystein. LystLesninger: åtte essays om kjønn og identitet i norsk litteratur: [] . - Oslo: Cappelen akademisk forlag, 1996 .-- biographical essays of Henrik Ibsen , Knut Hamsun , Sigurd Hoel , Agnar Mykle , and others
- Waal, Nic. Nic Waals institutt: pioner og aktør i norsk barne- og ungdomspsykiatri gjennom 50 år. - Oslo: Nic Waals Institutt, 2003 .-- anniversary publication for her institute.
See also
- en: Ola Raknes
Links
- Nic Waal - on the site of Yad Vashem.
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Lange, Jon Nic Waal - norsk barne-og ungdomspsykiatris mor (Norwegian) . Tidsskrift for Nen norske Lægeforening . Oslo: Legeforeningen (Norwegian Medical Association) (2002). Date of treatment October 2, 2008.
- ↑ 1 2 Psychoanalytikerinnen. Biografisches Lexikon / Nic Waal (German) . Psychoanalytikerinnen. Date of treatment October 2, 2008.
- ↑ 1 2 3 von der Lippe, Anna Nic Waal (Nor.) (Link not available) . Oslo: Pax. Date of treatment October 2, 2008. Archived March 15, 2012.
- ↑ It was almost a correspondence marriage, and in 1936 it ended in divorce, but Baal signed some of the early works with the name “Nic Hoel.”
- ↑ She was one of the best specialists in psychoanalysis of that time, she died in the Warsaw ghetto
- ↑ All the children sent on the SS Donau ship, on board of which, undoubtedly, would have been saved, ended up in the gas chambers of Auschwitz
- ↑ Sæter, Einar. XU - I Hemmeleg Teneste 1940-45: [ bookmaker ] . - 3rd (revised). - Oslo: Det Norske Samlaget , 2007 .-- P. 305.
- ↑ Then they again converged with Baal and were close until her death.
- ↑ Nic Waals Institutt (Norwegian) . Oslo: Lovisenberg Diakonale Sykhus. Date of treatment October 3, 2008. Archived October 31, 2007.