The kaik is a lightweight rowing (occasionally sailing ) vessel .
Content
Turkey
In Turkey, kaiki are used to date, mainly on the quiet waters of the Bosporus . Its food is slightly higher than the nose, as in general from the Turkish courts. Kaiki are divided into private and transportable. The first, the property of almost every rich Turk , differ from the carriage in their luxurious carved decoration and color [2] . Those and others are most often used for sea walks along the Golden Horn and for communication with the Asian coast of Turkey .
In Turkish history, examples of the use of kaikas as warships are known, in particular in the Samo battle .
One of the magnificent kaikas was presented to the Russian Emperor Nicholas I by the Turkish Sultan (kept in the Admiralty (Tsarskoye Selo) ).
Currently in Istanbul Deniz MΓΌzesi several such sultan kaik remain.
France
In France in the XVII β XVIII centuries. so called small ship, similar to the gunboat ; which had only 1 large-caliber gun on the bow or stern [3] .
Russian Empire
In the late XIX - early XX century in the Russian Empire , the word kaik (or kayuk or kayuchka [4] ) meant, as a rule, a river cargo wooden keel ship of a very common type in Russia, such as a semi-bar with a gable roof-deck with a door in the middle, with bowed up nose and chest ; with a large straight rake sail ; having 6-8 oars , or strokes [5] .
In the Russian Empire, the following types of cacae were distinguished:
- the Volga River - floating on the Volga River system (length 5.3β20.0 fathoms , with a draft with a load of 5.0β9.0 even arshin ; lifted the load 3000β18000 pounds , could serve up to 5 years);
- Nevsky - walked along the Neva and Svir rivers (11β16 fathoms long, with a draft with a load of 7β8 quarter arshin; lifted a load of 8,000β16,000 pounds and could serve up to 12 years);
- Severodvinsky served the Northern Dvina , Sukhona and Vologda (length 6-22 sazhen, with a draft with a load of 4.0β9.5 even arsh .; lifted the load 1,200β25,000 poods and could serve up to 8 years). One of the types of such vessels was called the godboy [6] . From 1879 to 1888 it was built in the Vologda province - along the South River - 2 caikas; the river Sukhona - 529 kaikov; Inkholice River, Strelitz , Shuya and other Totemsky counties - 153 kaika; on pp. Shorege , Vologda, tributaries of the Sukhona River and others; in Totemsky, Kadnikovsky and Vologda districts - 1077 kaik. A total of 1781 kaikov.
- Pechersky - floating on the Pechora River, in the spring to the mouth; boat-shaped mast vessel;
- Siberian - used on different rivers of Siberia [5] .
Notes
- β Drawings and drawings of ships, 1859 , p. 6
- β Kaiki / / Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : 86 t. (82 t. And 4 add.). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
- β Kaik // Military Encyclopedia : [in 18 t.] / Ed. VF Novitsky [et al.]. - SPb. ; [ M. ]: Type. t-islands I. D. Sytin , 1911-1915.
- β Kayuk // Explanatory Dictionary of the Living Great Russian Language by Vladimir Dahl
- β 1 2 Sobichevsky V. T. Kayuk // Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron : in 86 tons (82 tons and 4 extras). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
- β Godeiknik // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : 86 t. (82 t. And 4 add.). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
Literature
- Bogoslavsky P.A. On merchant shipbuilding in Russia, river and coastal. - Saint-Petersburg: Printing house of the Marine Ministry, 1859. - 197 p.
- Bogoslavsky P.A. Drawings and drawings of ships, compiled by P. Bogoslavsky to the book on merchant shipbuilding in Russia. - Saint-Petersburg: Printing house of the Marine Ministry, 1859. - 28 p.