Jubilee - an experimental aerodrome in the Kyzylorda region of Kazakhstan . It is located in the northern part of the Baikonur Cosmodrome , 40 km north-north-west of the city of Baikonur (at the site of 251 Baikonur Cosmodrome ) in the desert tract Ushkyzyl.
| Anniversary | ||||||||||
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| IATA : no - ICAO : UAON - Ext. code : UBN | ||||||||||
| Information | ||||||||||
| Type of | experimental | |||||||||
| A country | Kazakhstan | |||||||||
| Location | Kyzylorda Region | |||||||||
| opening date | 1981 | |||||||||
| NUM height | +100 m | |||||||||
| Timezone | UTC + 5 | |||||||||
| Working hours | on weekdays 03.00 - 13.00 UTC, the rest of the time by prior arrangement | |||||||||
| Site | ||||||||||
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The airport was leased by Russia from Kazakhstan as part of the Baikonur complex for the period up to 2050, and was entered in the State Register of Experimental Aviation Airfields of the Russian Federation. The operator of the aerodrome is FSEN TsENKI (until 2017, the aerodrome was operated by the MV Khrunichev State Space Research and Production Center ).
The Jubilee Extracurricular Airfield is capable of receiving all types of aircraft (including the An-225 Mriya). The maximum take-off weight of the aircraft is 392 tons. Runway classification number ( PCN ) 72 / R / B / X / T. [one]
Spacecraft are delivered to this airfield by special flights from Moscow, Krasnoyarsk and far abroad (for their preparation and launch from the Baikonur Cosmodrome). In 1997-2011, the airfield also took passenger service flights carrying the administrative and technical personnel of aerospace enterprises.
Content
History
It was built in the early 1980s as a landing complex for development work under the program of the reusable space shuttle Buran (which landed here in November 1988 after the only space flight). [2]
The decree of the Government of the USSR on the creation of a landing complex for the Buran spacecraft was adopted in October 1977 , on the eve of the 60th anniversary of the Great October Socialist Revolution , in connection with this the airport was named "Jubilee". NPO Molniya was appointed the lead developer of the landing complex, and the 20th Central Design Institute of the USSR Ministry of Defense was designing the facilities of the complex. [3]
In 1979 , construction of the airfield by military builders (the 130th Department of Engineering) was started. The aerodrome runway with a length of 4500 m and a width of 84 m is constructed of monolithic high-strength concrete M-600 with a thickness of 26 to 32 cm on a sand-cement base with a thickness of 18 to 22 cm. The area of the airfield coatings was 980,400 m 2 , the total amount of excavation work was about 2 million m 3 soil. The first phase of the airfield facilities was commissioned in November 1981 .
The first landing of the aircraft on the taxiway of the airfield was made in February 1980 ( Mi-8 helicopter from the aeronautical regiment of the Baikonur cosmodrome, based at the Krainy airport), the first landing on the runway of the aerodrome - January 29, 1982 ( An-26 airplane of the aerodrome regiment of the cosmodrome ) The first transportation to Baikonur of the elements of the reusable space system "Energy" - "Buran" by VM-T took place on April 8, 1982.
From 1982 to 1990, 59 flights of the VM-T aircraft were carried out to deliver large-sized elements of the Energia and Buran space complexes to Baikonur. The Buran spacecraft were transported by VM-T to the Yubileiny airfield from the Ramenskoye airfield near Moscow, and the Energia launch vehicle blocks from the Bezymyanka airfield in Kuibyshev (now Samara ).
The airfield belonged to the Ministry of Defense . Since 1992, the airfield has not been operated for several years, was abandoned and partially looted.
In 1995 , the need arose to reconstruct the airdrome in order to receive heavy aircraft from the United States transporting American spacecraft arriving in Baikonur for launch under international commercial programs. The operator of the "Jubilee" became the Khrunichev Space Center , the manufacturer of the Proton heavy launch vehicles. The hiring of new (civilian) aerodrome personnel was begun, the radio navigation, radio communications, light-signal, meteorological and other equipment was replaced, and the runway was overhauled. In 1997 , these works were successfully completed and the experimental airfield was put into operation.
The Yubileiny airdrome is one of the memorable places of the Baikonur Cosmodrome ; During visits to the cosmodrome, prominent politicians and leaders of the national space program came here many times. In particular, there were M. S. Gorbachev (in 1987 ), V. V. Putin (in 2005 ), N. A. Nazarbayev (in 1991 and 2005 ), and on October 2, 1991 , a meeting of leaders was held at the airport [4] 12 republics of the USSR (only the leaders of Latvia , Lithuania and Estonia were not present) [5] .
In 2017, the airfield was transferred to the authority of TsENKI . For the summer of 2018, it is planned to reconstruct the airdrome so that from the fall of 2018 it will again be able to receive airplanes with spacecraft. [6]
Nature
Relief: weakly wavy plain (absolute elevations of 95-120 m). 4 km northeast of the airfield is Mount Ushkyzyl (altitude 135 m abs).
Plant zone: wormwood and balyych (northern) desert. Soils: brown desert-steppe. 8 km north of the airfield are the sands of Darbas.
Permanent waterways and reservoirs in the vicinity of the airfield are absent. In the spring, after snowmelt and rain, small temporary lakes with a depth of up to 0.5 m are formed in places on takyrs .
Description of the climate, see the article Baikonur (city)
See also
- Baikonur (city)
- Baikonur
- Extreme (airport)
Sources
- ↑ Collection of aeronautical information No. 13 - Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan. CAI GA, 2009. Archived on January 8, 2011.
- ↑ Landing complex of the Baikonur Cosmodrome
- ↑ Reusable space system "Energy - Buran". Moscow: NPP OmV-Luch, 2004. - 356 p.
- ↑ B. N. Yeltsin , L. M. Kravchuk , S. S. Shushkevich , I. A. Karimov , N. A. Nazarbayev , Z. K. Gamsakhurdia , A. N. Mutalibov , M. I. Snegur , A A. A. Akaev , R. N. Nabiev , L. A. Ter-Petrosyan , S. A. Niyazov
- ↑ Sovereignty parade
- ↑ Rano Juraeva: Yubileiny Airport in Baikonur will not be mothballed