Symonas Daukantas ( Lithuanian. Simonas Daukantas , Polish. Szymon Dowkont , October 17 ( 28 ), 1793 , Kalviia, now Skuodas district - November 24 ( December 6 ) 1864 , Papile, now Akmyany district ) - Lithuanian historian and writer-educator, collector of folklore , one of the first ideologues of the Lithuanian national revival; the author of the first works on the history of Lithuania , written in the Lithuanian language .
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Biography
Born into a peasant family. He studied in the schools of Kretinga and Zhmudskaya Kalvariya (now Varduva), in the Vilna gymnasium. Enrolling in Vilnius University in 1816 , first in the department of literature and the liberal arts, then (from 1818 ) in the department of moral and political sciences, he studied history and ancient literature. He graduated from Vilnius University with a degree in 1819 . In 1822 he defended his thesis for a master's degree, but due to the process of philomats - filarets he received a master’s degree in law only in 1825 .
He served in Riga in the office of the governor-general ( 1825 - 1834 ), then in St. Petersburg as an assistant to the metricant of the Lithuanian metric in the office of the Senate ( 1835 - 1851 ).
In 1850 he returned to Lithuania. In 1851 he retired. He lived in Varniai with Bishop Volonchevsky , then with patrons of art - with the doctor Piotr Smuglevich in the estate of Neu-Bergfried halfway between Bauska and Jelgava (now Yaunsvirlauka in Latvia ) [3] , and in recent years he spent in the town of Papile.
Scientific and literary activities
As a student, he wrote an essay “The Acts of the Ancient Lithuanians and Samogitians” ( “Darbai senųjų lietuvių ir žemaičių“ ). In St. Petersburg, he created the main works - the historical study “The customs of the ancient Lithuanians” ( “Būdas senovės lietuvių, kalnėnų ir žemaičių” ), a folklore collection “Songs of Zhmudskie”, books intended to enlighten the people. He translated ancient writers (Fables fable, Cornelius Nepos biographical narratives), wrote proverbs and sayings. Of his four works on the history of Lithuania, only one was published during his lifetime - “Būdas senovės lietuvių, kalnėnų ir žemaičių” (“Customs of the Ancient Lithuanians, Aukstaitas and Samogitians”) ( 1845 ).
Value
Daukantas laid the foundations of the Lithuanian romanticized national historiography and was one of the first ideologues of the Lithuanian national revival. In 1930, a monument was erected by sculptor Vincas Gribas in the homeland of Daukantas with funds raised by teachers. The high school in Papile in 1968 in connection with the 175th anniversary of the birth of Daukantas was named after him [4] . In the same year, a memorial museum was opened, with about 300 exhibits.
In Vilnius , the square in front of the Presidency was named after Daukantas (in the XIX century Palace Square, then until 1915 Muravyov Square, in the interwar years - Napoleon Square, in Soviet times - Kutuzov Square). Daukantas streets are in Kaunas , Klaipeda , Palanga and other Lithuanian cities. One of the courtyards of the ensemble of the Vilnius University is named after Daukantas. An oak tree was planted in the courtyard on the occasion of the 400th anniversary of Vilnius University ( 1979 ), brought from the homeland of Daukantas. By the 400th anniversary of the university, a bronze memorial with a high-relief image of Daukantas was installed in the side nave of the Church of St. John (at that time the Museum of Science; author Gediminas Jokubonis ). A bas-relief of Daukantas (sculptor Romas Kazlauskas ) is located on the wall of the northern courtyard of the courtyard. The portrait of Daukantas is depicted on a banknote of 100 litas .
Proceedings
- Darbai senųjų lietuvių ir žemaičių ( 1822 ).
- Istorija žemaitiška ( 1838 ).
- Būdas senovės lietuvių, kalnėnų ir žemaičių (Customs of the Ancient Lithuanians, Aukstaitas and Samogitians) ( 1845 ).
- Pasakojimas apie veikalus lietuvių tautos senovėje ( 1850 ).
Notes
- ↑ German National Library , Berlin State Library , Bavarian State Library , etc. Record # 120401908 // General regulatory control (GND) - 2012—2016.
- ↑ 1 2 Daukantas Simonas // Great Soviet Encyclopedia : [30 t.] / Ed. A.M. Prokhorov - 3rd ed. - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia , 1969.
- ↑ Egidijus Aleksandravičius. XIX amžiaus profiliai. Vilnius: Lietuvos rašytojų sąjungos leidykla, 1993. ISBN 9986-413-09-5 . P. 167 (lit.)
- ↑ Mokyklos istorija Archive dated June 25, 2007 on Wayback Machine (lit.)
Literature
- History of Lithuanian literature. Vilnius: Vaga, 1977. pp. 76-78.
- S. Žukas. Simonas Daukantas. Kaunas: Šviesa, 1988.
- V. Merkys. Simonas Daukantas. Vilnius: Vyturys, 1991.
- Lietuvių rašytojai. Biobibliografinis žodynas. I: A - J. Vilnius: Vaga, 1979. P. 392-409.