Lampadas Day ( Kalm. Zul-Hural, Zul-Hural ; Mong. Zulyn Hural ; Tib. Ganden Ngamcho ) - a holiday dedicated to the departure from this world of the founder of the Tibetan Buddhist school of Gelug , Je Tsongkhapi . Celebrated by followers of the Gelug school on the 25th of the 10th lunar month according to the Buddhist calendar . In Russia, it is traditionally celebrated by Buryats , Kalmyks and Tuvans . The name received from the fact that on this holiday it is customary to light the lamps ( Zul ).
| Holiday lampad Zula hural | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Type of | Buddhist holiday |
| Value | Anniversary of Parinirvana Conhava |
| Celebrated |  Tibet Mongolia Kalmykia Buryatia Tyva |
| date | 25th day of the 10th lunar month |
| Celebration | lamp lighting family treat |
| Traditions | bortsokov baking "Day of age" in the Kalmyks |
| Associated with | Je Tsongkapa |
Content
About Tsongkhapa
In Buddhism, this day is the day of the memory of the death (day of departure to nirvana ) of the founder of the Tibetan school of Gelugpa , the reformer and philosopher Je Tsonghava ( 1357-1419 ). Lama Tsongkhava is revered in Tibet as the second Buddha , and his two works, Lamrim (dedicated to the common path of Mahayana ) and Nagrim (dedicated to the path of the Secret Mantra ) embrace the spiritual practice of Buddhism in its entirety. Conongava himself at the end of his life asked future students not to be sad that they did not meet him personally, but to read the two works mentioned, which would be tantamount to a personal meeting.
The four main activities of Tsongkhapa are related to the establishment of the Gelug school:
- the restoration and re-sanctification of the image of the Buddha of the future, Maitreya, as a sign of the thousand-year existence of a new school;
- a return to the strict monastic charter of the Buddhist community of the first centuries, which was adopted at the General Council with the participation of representatives of all Buddhist schools of Tibet ;
- the establishment of the Monlam Chenmo holiday, which contributed to the unity of the people and the new school;
- the construction of the Ganden Monastery, or the “Land of Tushita,” where Maitreya dwells, and the erection of a mandala in this monastery depicting the guardian deities ( yidams ) Chakrasamvara , Guhyasamaji and Yamantaka .
Created by Tsongkhawa, the Gelug school became the most influential of all the schools of Tibet . The head of the school bears the title of Gyalwa (tib. Winner ) is considered the embodiment of bodhisattva Avalokiteshvara . From the middle of the 17th century , the Gelug school was established in Mongolia , Buryatia , Kalmykia and Tuva.
The celebration of Zulahural by the clergy
| The onset of the holiday relies in the evening, when the constellation Bechi ( pleiad ) rises. Young Bandi ... as soon as it appears, they immediately light up the lamps inside their yurts and outside them, so that the whole monastery seems to be drenched in fire from the brilliance of burning dishes ... The interior of sume this time also represents an extraordinary look. In the middle of the idol of three usupami elevation in the form of a table rises. 108 lamps are always delivered at the top, on the two lower ledges the number of lamps supplied is provided by llamas' diligence and the latter is manifested here in all its strength ... Outside the lamps are placed on the roof of the joss-house, on the ground around the joss-walls, in the porch of the joss-house, on the porch, etc. In addition to everything, the idol is prepared this time in a particularly large form and the quantity usually offered to the Burkhan victims, and the tahilyin are broader [1] simply filled with flowers. [2] |
On Tzonhava's memorial day, it is customary to eat a special porridge, which is cooked from pieces of dough. Monks recite prayers, believing laypeople make offerings to the temple with money, food, things. In monasteries, solemn processions are held, during which people walk with torches lit and carry a sculptured Tsongkhapa.
Celebration of Zula-Khural in Kalmykia
Adding the Year to the Age
Since ancient times, Kalmyk families have not celebrated birthdays; there was Zul, a holiday common to all, otherwise known as the Day of Addition of Age to the Kalmyk People ( Kalm. Halmg Ulsin Us Avdg Odr ). On this day, all Kalmyks added one year to their age.
Family Holiday
Zul was customarily celebrated in the home circle, since the main ritual of “us awah” (life extension) was held in the family. On the eve of the holiday, food was served, baked bortsoki. The elders in the family were preparing for the rite. From the stiff dough, two oblong shapes were made in the form of boats, in which cooked wicks were installed according to the number of years for each family member, to which one or two straws were added on top. All this is soaked with melted butter. When the first stars were lit in the sky, the wicks were set on fire. All family members walked in a circle in a clockwise direction, with prayerfully folding their hands, they read the prayer to the White Tare in a whisper (in Buddhism it is the deity of longevity). This tradition still exists in Kalmyk families. Then the whole family sat down at the festive table, and goodwill was pronounced, as well as lamps were lit. [3]
National Holiday
According to the Law of the Republic of Kalmykia of October 13, 2004 N 156-III-З “On Festive and Memorable Days in the Republic of Kalmykia”, the Zul holiday is a national holiday of Kalmykia.
See also
- Tsagan Sar
Notes
- ↑ Mong. tahilyn shiree - "sacrificial table"
- ↑ Pozdneev A.M. Essays on the life of Buddhist monasteries and Buddhist clergy in Mongolia in connection with relations to the last people. St. Petersburg, Printing House of the Imperial Academy of Sciences, 1887. - p. 371
- ↑ Burning a lamp at home, you need to imagine that you are bringing the light of the sun and the moon, the twinkling of stars and the glare of precious stones to Buddhas and bodhisattvas. When you make this offering, you lay the reasons for deliverance from ignorance. In Buddhism, the burning of an oil lamp symbolizes the achievement of Enlightenment . The wick symbolizes the human ego, oil - the ocean of samsaric suffering, and fire - the wisdom that has comprehended emptiness. Accordingly, while lighting a lamp, imagine that wisdom, which has befallen the emptiness, burning the human ego, absorbs the ocean of suffering. And remember the fire in the lamp in no case can not blow! The consequences of this can be serious illness! If you want to extinguish the flame, use forceps.