Giulio ( ital. Giulio ) - the name of a medieval silver coin of the Papal region and some other Italian states.
For the first time, the Julio coin was minted in 1508 [1] . Initially, it represented a silver grosso weighing 3.87 g. It received its name by the name of Pope Julius II (1503-1513) [2] . 10 giulio corresponded to 1 gold ducat [2] . The name subsequently passed on to other grosses of the Papal States and Italian states [2] [3] .
Obverse contained a portrait of the pope or his coat of arms. The reverse depicted the images of the apostles Peter and Paul [2] [4] [3] .
Giulio became the main silver coins of the Papal region of the 16th century. Their imitations were also minted by many Italian states. For example, in the Mantua Duchy under the rule of Vincenzo I Gonzaga minted coins in 2 giulio, which were called anselmino [5] . The design of the coins of various rulers has its own differences. During Clement VII, 1½-year coins were stamped by the famous Italian sculptor, musician and painter Benvenuto Cellini [1] .
Subsequently, the weight and image on the coin changed. The last giulio were minted during the reign of Pope Pius VII in 1817 [6] . In the first half of the 19th century, the following ratio of monetary units took shape in the Papal Region: 1 Julio = 2 Grosso = 10 Bayoko [7] .
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 Giulio (German) . www.reppa.de. Date of treatment February 2, 2016.
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 CH, 1993 , Giulio .
- ↑ 1 2 Munzkunde, 1970 , S. 225.
- ↑ National Assembly, 1980 , Giulio .
- ↑ Anselmino (German) . www.reppa.de. Date of treatment February 5, 2016.
- ↑ Krause CL, Mishler C., Bruce CR Vatican // Standard Catalog of World Coins. - 16th. - Iola, Wisconsin: Krause Publications, 1990 .-- P. 1787. - 1856 p. - ISBN 0-87341-123-4 .
- ↑ Krause CL, Mishler C., Bruce CR Vatican // Standard Catalog of World Coins. - 16th. - Iola, Wisconsin: Krause Publications, 1990 .-- P. 1785. - 1856 p. - ISBN 0-87341-123-4 .
Literature
- Giulio // Wörterbuch der Münzkunde / Wörterbuch der Münzkunde. - Berlin: J. Guttenberg Verlagsbuchhandlung, 1970 .-- P. 225. - 757 p.
- Zvarich V.V. Numismatic Dictionary . - 4th ed .. - Lviv: Higher school, 1980.
- Fengler H., Girow G., Unger V. Dictionary of numismatists / Otv. ed. V.M. Potin. - 2nd ed., Revised. and additional .. - M .: Radio and communications, 1993. - ISBN 5-256-00317-8 .