Grigory Iosifovich Roskin ( July 24, 1892 , Vitebsk , Vitebsk province , Russian Empire - March 16, 1964 , Moscow , USSR ) - Russian and Soviet histologist , protozoologist , pharmacologist and cytologist , brother of the literary critic and critic Alexander Roskin and painter Vladimir Roskin .
| Grigory Iosifovich Roskin | |
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| Scientific field | biology |
| Alma mater | Moscow University (1912) |
| Academic degree | Doctor of Biological Sciences |
| Academic rank | Professor |
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Content
- 1 Biography
- 2 Personal life
- 3 Scientific works
- 4 Scientific works
- 5 notes
- 6 Literature
- 7 References
Biography
Born July 24, 1892 in Vitebsk in the family of the attorney at the Moscow Court of Justice Joseph Gershevich (Grigoryevich0 Roskin (? —1919) and Vera Lvovna Roskina (nee Rivka Leibovna Dynkin (? —1946) [2] . Grigory Roskin's parents lived in Moscow, but they came to Vitebsk for a vacation, where the struggle began at Grigory’s mother and Grigory was born .. In 1896, the second child Vladimir appeared in the family, and then in 1898 another one was Alexander.
Since childhood, all three brothers dreamed of working in scientific fields - Gregory in biology, Vladimir in painting and Alexander in literature.
Grigory Iosifovich received his secondary education in Moscow and entered Moscow University , which he successfully graduated in 1912 at the age of only 20, since he had mastered the university program the fastest and the administration decided to keep the graduate specialist at home. From 1912 to 1930 he worked as a researcher, from 1930 to 1964 he held the position of professor and head of the department of cytology and histology, at the same time from 1925 to 1938 he headed the protistology department of the Microbiological Research Institute of the People's Commissariat of the RSFSR , from 1939 to 1941 he headed the cytology laboratory Institute of Physiology , USSR Academy of Sciences , from 1943 to 1947 and from 1946 to 1951, he headed the laboratory of the Oncology Institute of the Ministry of Health of the RSFSR and the cytology department of the cancer biotherapy laboratory of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR .
In 1953, a new high-rise building was opened at Moscow State University on the Lenin Hills and Grigory Iosifovich moved to where he organized the laboratory of experimental cytology and cytochemistry of cancer cells in 1957.
Laureate of the MV Lomonosov Prize, I degree (1947) for the work "Antiblastoma Substances of Microbial Cells".
In 1946, the monograph by Klyueva and Roskin “Biotherapy of malignant tumors” was published in the United States. They were accused of betraying the interests of the motherland. Newspapers published articles about corrupt scientists. Konstantin Simonov wrote the play “Alien Shadow”, Alexander Stein - another one: “The Law of Honor”, directed by Abram Roma put on it the film “Judgment of Honor” - the story of how a Soviet scientist sells the secret of saving medicine for a bottle of French perfume. The film received the Stalin Prize for 1949.
In 1955, all charges were dropped.
Grigory Roskin died on March 16, 1964 in Moscow. He was buried at Vvedensky cemetery .
Personal life
He was married to biologist Nina Georgievna Klyueva (June 11, 1899 - August 24, 1971).
Scientific work
The main scientific works are devoted to comparative cytology of smooth muscles, the study of the structure and metabolism of nerve and cancer cells. Grigory Roskin carried out a number of scientific works together with his wife N. G. Klyueva .
- He advanced the idea of cytochemoarchitectonics of the nervous system.
- He studied the morphology and physiology of protozoa .
- He expanded his knowledge of myon , the morphological unit of the structure of smooth muscles of mammals.
- Together with his wife N. G. Klyuyeva, he created the drug Crucin , which laid the foundation for a new direction in oncology - biotherapy of malignant tumors .
Scientific Papers
- Roskin G.I. Microscopic technology: A Guide, 1946.
- Roskin G.I., Klyueva N.G. Biotherapy of malignant tumors, 1946.
- Roskin G.I., Klyueva N.G. The problem of anti-cancer antibiotics. The reverse development of malignant tumors under the influence of factors of microbial origin, 1957.
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 3 Roskin Grigory Iosifovich // Great Soviet Encyclopedia : [in 30 vol.] / Ed. A. M. Prokhorov - 3rd ed. - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia , 1969.
- ↑ Roskina N. Archival letters from Natalia Roskina. University and literary associations // Chaika. 2016.2 October.
Literature
- Biologists. Biographical reference book. - Kiev .: Science. Dumka, 1984.— 816 p.: silt
- Kalinikova, V.D. Grigory Iosifovich Roskin // Nature. 1994. No. 8. S. 62-74 .
- Levinson L. B., On the seventieth birthday of Professor G.I. Roskin, Cytology, 1963, v. 5, 3.
- Kalinnikova V.D., G.I. Roskin, in the book: Essays on the life and work of histologists and anatomists of Moscow, M., 1967.
- Stalin's “courts of honor”: the “KR” case / V. D. Esakov, E. S. Levina; Grew up. Acad. Sciences, Separate source-filol. sciences. - M.: Nauka, 2005. - 422, [1] p. : [8] p. silt ; 23 cm. - Decree. Names: s. 413-421. - 740 copies. - ISBN 5-02-010339-X (per.).
- T.P. Babi et al. Biologists. - Kiev, Naukova Dumka, 1984
Links
- Grigory Iosifovich Roskin . Chronicle of Moscow University . Date of appeal April 12, 2018.
- Grigory Roskin on the official site of BES
- Grigory Roskin on the website of BLACKBERRY
- Grigory Roskin on oval.ru