The PACMAD clade (formerly known as PACCMAD, PACCAD, or PACC [1] ) is one of two large clades of true grasses ( cereals ) of an indefinite taxonomic rank, which includes six subfamilies and about 5800 species, that is, almost half of all herbs. The sister group of this treasure is the BOP treasure . The PACMAD treasure includes all herbs that, during evolution, have the ability to C 4 photosynthesis ; According to studies, this type of photosynthesis independently arose many times in the framework of this clade [2] [3] .
| Treasure of plants | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Title | |
| Clade PACMAD | |
| Title Status | |
| not determined | |
| Parent taxon | |
| family Poaceae | |
| Representatives | |
| |
The name of the treasure consists of the first letters of the Latin names of the subfamilies Panicoideae , Arundinoideae , Chloridoideae , Micrairoideae , Aristidoideae and Danthonioideae . The treasure does not have a specific taxonomic rank, but it is often mentioned in scientific papers as it is a clearly defined monophilic group with a characteristic ecology.
Below is the phylogenetic tree of the PACMAD clade with an indication of the type of photosynthesis for each subfamily [2] :
| Poaceae |
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Notes
- ↑ Soreng, Robert J .; Peterson, Paul M .; Romaschenko, Konstantin; Davidse, Gerrit; Zuloaga, Fernando O .; Judziewicz, Emmet J .; Filgueiras, Tarciso S .; Davis, Jerrold I .; Morrone, Osvaldo. A worldwide phylogenetic classification of the Poaceae (Gramineae ) // Journal of Systematics and Evolution: journal. - 2015. - Vol. 53 , no. 2 . - P. 117-137 . - ISSN 16744918 . - DOI : 10.1111 / jse.12150 .
- ↑ 1 2 Grass Phylogeny Working Group II New grass phylogeny resolves deep evolutionary relationships and discovers C 4 origins // New Phytologist: journal. - 2012. - Vol. 193 , no. 2 . - P. 304-312 . - ISSN 0028646X . - DOI : 10.1111 / j.1469-8137.2011.03972.x . - PMID 22115274 .
- ↑ Rowan F. Sage, Pascal-Antoine Christin, Erika J. Edwards. The C4 plant lineages of planet Earth (Eng.) // Journal of Experimental Botany . - Oxford University Press , 2011-05-01. - Vol. 62 , iss. 9 . - P. 3155-3169 . - ISSN 0022-0957 . - DOI : 10.1093 / jxb / err048 .