Defense

Defense against a possible attack by a foreign power is one of the most important functions of the state. In modern conditions, when aggression is a condemned act in international law , throughout the world it serves as a justification for military-state construction. In modern military theory, it may include “pre-emption”, “preemptive strike”, “disarming strike” and other euphemisms of unprovoked offensive military actions.

1. The Government of the Russian Federation: e) takes measures to ensure the defense of the country, state security, the implementation of the foreign policy of the Russian Federation;

- Article 114, Constitution of Russia

^[one]

In this federal law, defense refers to a system of political, economic, military, social, legal and other measures to prepare for armed defense and armed defense of the Russian Federation, the integrity and inviolability of its territory.

- Clause 1, Article 1, Section I, Federal Law No. 61-FZ “On Defense”, May 31, 1996 (city).

The defense of Russia is organized and carried out in accordance with:

• The Constitution of the Russian Federation ;
• federal constitutional laws of the Russian Federation;
• federal laws of the Russian Federation;
• laws of the Russian Federation
• and other regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation.

Defense Organization

Consists of:

• forecasting and assessing military danger and military threat;
• development of the main directions of military policy and the provisions of the military doctrine of the Russian Federation;
• legal regulation in the field of defense;
• construction, preparation and maintenance of the necessary readiness of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation , other troops, military formations and bodies, as well as planning their use;
• development, production and improvement of control systems of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, other troops, military formations and bodies, weapons and military equipment , the creation of their stocks , as well as planning the use of the radio frequency spectrum;
• planning the transfer of state authorities of the Russian Federation, state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, local governments and the country's economy to work in wartime conditions;
• mobilization training of state authorities of the Russian Federation, state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, local governments and organizations regardless of ownership, transport , communications and population of the country;
• the creation of stocks of material values ​​of state and mobilization reserves;
• planning and implementing civil and territorial defense measures;
• operational equipment of the territory of the Russian Federation for defense purposes;
• ensuring the protection of information constituting state secrets in the field of defense;
• the development of science in the interests of defense;
• coordinating the activities of the state authorities of the Russian Federation, the state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and the local governments in the field of defense;
• financing of defense expenditures, as well as control over the expenditure of funds allocated for defense and the activities of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, other troops, military formations and agencies, carried out in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation;
• international cooperation for collective security and joint defense;
• other defense activities.

It consists in defeating the enemy with fire (in a nuclear war and nuclear) attacks, repelling his fire and nuclear attacks, offensive actions taken on the ground, in the air and at sea, countering enemy attempts to seize held lines, areas, objects, defeating his invading forces groupings (forces).

Defense can have strategic, operational and tactical significance. The defense is organized in advance or is engaged as a result of the transfer of enemy troops (forces) to the offensive. Along with repelling enemy strikes, defense usually includes elements of offensive actions (delivering reciprocal, counter and preemptive fire strikes, conducting counterstrikes and counterattacks , defeating the attacking enemy in the areas of its basing, deployment, and on initial lines ), the specific gravity of which its activity.

In the ancient world and in the Middle Ages , fortified cities , fortresses and castles were used for defense. With the equipping of armies (from the 14th - 15th centuries) with firearms , the construction of field defensive fortifications , mostly earthworks, began, which were used to fire at the enemy and shelter from its cores and bullets . The appearance of rifled weapons in the middle of the 19th century , which had a higher rate of fire and a firing range, necessitated the improvement of defense methods. To increase its stability, the battle formations of the troops (forces) began to be echeloned in depth.

Land Defense Elements

Depending on the conditions, elements of ground defense include:

• Defensive line
  • pre-field or forward line of defense;
  • position of military escort ;
  • main line of defense ^[2] .

Defense Varieties

• general military
• anti-aircraft
• anti missile
• anti-space
• anti-tank
• anti artillery
• anti-submarine
• active
• passive
• positional
• maneuverable (mobile)
• mobile
• longline
• bunk (rifle)
• flanked
• other types (see, for example, Strategic Defense Initiative )

Defense Requirements

The following requirements are for defense . She must:

• to be stable and active, that is, able to retain their qualities when attacking the enemy with various weapons;
• have the ability to withstand the blows of the enemy with the use of all types of weapons and military equipment, repel the attack of his superior troops (forces);
• have a deep echelon of building troops (forces);
• have the ability to destroy enemy troops in the event of his landing;
• be prepared for long-term combat operations when the enemy uses weapons of mass destruction, high-precision weapons, electronic warfare (EW), and so on.

• Defense production
• defense Department
• civil defense
• Russian Defense

• Provisional field manual of the Red Army (PU-36), 1936.
• Field Regulations of the Red Army (PU-39), 1939.
• Field Regulations of the Red Army (PU-40), 1940.
• I. M. Tokarev , “Tactical Handbook of the German Army” - M .: Military publishing house of the NKO USSR , 1940. - 80 pp.
• The draft field manual of the Red Army (PU-41), 1941.
• Offensive and defense // Military Encyclopedia : [in 18 t.] / Ed. VF Novitsky [et al.]. - SPb. ; [ M. ]: Type. t-islands I. D. Sytin , 1911-1915. .
• Military Encyclopedic Dictionary (WEC), Moscow (M.), Military Publishing House (VI), 1984, 863 p. With illustrations (il.), 30 sheets (il.).
• The Great Soviet Encyclopedia (TSB), the Third Edition, published by the Soviet Encyclopedia Publishing House in 1969-1978 in 30 volumes.
• Adaptive Radio Line - Object Air Defense / [under total. ed. N.V. Ogarkova ]. - M .: Military Publishing House of the USSR Defense Ministry , 1978. - 686 p. - ( Soviet military encyclopedia : [in 8 tons.]; 1976-1980, t. 5).
• KM Chirkov, "Motorized rifle platoon in battle", 1966.
• Battle Regulations of the Ground Forces (BUSU), Part II (battalion, company), M., Military Publishing House, 1989.
• Textbook , "Training of reserve officers of the Ground Forces", M., Military Publishing House, 1989.
• "Unit commander in battle", M., 1990.
• Manual on the military rear, M., Voenizdat ( VI ).
• Edited by: V.A. Zolotareva, V.V. Marushchenko, S.S. Avtushin. In the Name of Russia: The Russian state, the army and military education / training manual on the public-state training (UCP) for officers and warrant officers of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. - M .: "Russia-RKB", 1999. - p. 336 + on .. - ISBN 5-86273-020-6 .
• Vorobiev I., Kuznetsov N. Defense changes the “face” (rus.) // Army collection: magazine. - 2014. - October ( v. 244 , № 10 ). - S. 2-4 .

• Battle Regulations of the Ground Forces (platoon, branch, tank).
• Journal "Defense of Russia".
• Militer’s website, I. M. Tokarev, Tactical Guide to the German Army.
• The text of the Russian Constitution on the official website of the President of Russia.
• Tsabel S. A. Fortification // Encyclopedic dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron : in 86 tons (82 tons and 4 extras). - SPb. , 1890-1907.