Johann Georg von Soldner ( German: Johann Georg von Soldner , July 16, 1776 - May 13, 1833 ) - German physicist , mathematician and astronomer . Member of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences (1815), Royal Society (1825).
| Johann Georg von Goldner | |
|---|---|
| Johann Georg von Soldner | |
 | |
| Date of Birth | July 16, 1776 |
| Place of Birth | Feuchtwangen |
| Date of death | May 13, 1833 (56 years old) |
| A place of death | Munich |
| A country | |
| Scientific field | physics , mathematics , astronomy |
| Alma mater | |
| supervisor | |
| Awards and prizes | Order of Civil Merit of the Bavarian Crown , Legion of Honor |
The main works relate to astronomy, celestial mechanics, and the theory of transcendental functions . One of the first to suggest that the gravitational field deflects light.
Content
- 1 Biography
- 2 Scientific activities
- 3 Major works
- 4 Literature
- 5 Links
- 6 notes
Biography
Born in 1776 in the Bavarian city of Feuchtwangen , near Ansbach , in a farmer's family. Even at school, he discovered mathematical talent, personally made and used tools to measure his father's fields. Self-taught mathematics and languages, in 1797 he left for Berlin, where he worked as an assistant to the famous astronomer Johann Bode , while continuing to study mathematics, astronomy and geodesy . In the period 1804-1806 he headed the group engaged in the geodetic survey of Ansbach, for this work he received the knighthood and became "von Zoldner".
In 1808, Zoldner moved to Munich, where at first (1812) he continued to study geodesy as an adviser to the tax cadastre, and in 1816 he became the first director of the newly built observatory. Since 1828, due to hepatitis, he actually retired, died in 1833.
Scientific activity
The Ramanujan – Zoldner constant and the “Zoldner coordinate system” are named in his honor. Goldner calculated the value of the Euler-Maskeroni constant with 24 digits, published the tables of the integral logarithm, and proposed the generally accepted notation li for this function.
In 1801, Zoldner was one of the first, more than a century before Einstein , to speculate that the gravitational field deflects light. Based on the corpuscular theory of light, he calculated the magnitude of the deviation, but the accuracy of the observations was then insufficient to verify this hypothesis [2] .
He proposed a method for solving spherical triangles on the earth's surface and a method for reducing the astronomical azimuth (1813) [3] . He studied the motion of stars in our Galaxy, analyzed the motion of a comet discovered by the Italian astronomer J. Piazzi (1801, in fact, the comet turned out to be an asteroid , which was called " Ceres " [4] ).
Major works
- Soldner, JG v. On the deflection of a light ray from its rectilinear motion, by the attraction of a celestial body at which it nearly passes by (Eng.) // Berliner Astronomisches Jahrbuch: journal. - 1801/4. - P. 161-172 .
- Soldner (Lenard, P.); J. Über die Ablenkung eines Lichtstrahls von seiner geradlinigen Bewegung durch die Attraktion eines Weltkörpers, an welchem er nahe vorbeigeht; von J. Soldner, 1801 (German) // Annalen der Physik : magazin. - 1921. - Bd. 65 , Nr. 15 . - S. 593-604 . - DOI : 10.1002 / andp.19213701503 . - .
- Soldner, JG v. Théorie et tables d'une nouvelle fonction transcendante. - München: Lindauer, 1809.
Literature
- Laue M. Erwiderung auf Hrn. Lenards Vorbemerkungen zur Soldnerschen Arbeit von 1801 (German) // Annalen der Physik : magazin. - 1921. - Bd. 66 , Nr. 20 . - S. 283-284 . - DOI : 10.1002 / andp.19213712005 . - .
- Jaki; Stanley L. Johann Georg von Soldner and the Gravitational Bending of Light, with an English Translation of His Essay on It Published in 1801 (English) // Foundations of Physics : journal. - 1978. - Vol. 8 , no. 11-12 . - P. 927-950 . - DOI : 10.1007 / BF00715064 . - .
- Treder H.-J .; Jackisch, G. On Soldners Value of Newtonian Deflection of Light (Eng.) // Astronomische Nachrichten : journal. - Wiley-VCH , 1981. - Vol. 302 , no. 6 . - P. 275-277 . - DOI : 10.1002 / asna.2103020603 . - .
- Will; Clifford M. Henry Cavendish, Johann von Soldner, and the deflection of light // Am. J.Phys. : journal. - 1988. - Vol. 56 , no. 5 . - P. 413-415 . - DOI : 10.1119 / 1.15622 . - .
- Will, CM The Confrontation between General Relativity and Experiment // Eng. Rev. Relativity : journal. - 2006. - Vol. 9 .
Links
- Biography on the Deutsche Biographie website (German) .
Notes
- ↑ Mathematical Genealogy - 1997.
- ↑ Was the general theory of relativity confirmed in 1919
- ↑ Zoldner Johann Georg von Archival copy of February 2, 2016 on the Wayback Machine website: Astronomers, a biographical guide.
- ↑ Clifford Cunningham . Discovery of the First Asteroid, Ceres: Historical Studies in Asteroid Research . Springer, 2015.333 p. ISBN 9783319217765 .