Yazep Krushinsky

Yazep Krushinsky - the owner of a prosperous farm, a secret opponent of the Soviet regime, hiding his disgusting essence behind external loyalty to the new authorities. He made a fortune by horse-stealing and smuggling, and despite the change of power that has taken place, he continues to engage in personal enrichment to the detriment of the common cause. To achieve selfish goals, Krushinsky does not disdain by any means: he is ready to deceive, bribe and even kill. He does not care about people whose lives he cripples. Around Krushinsky gather personalities with a dark past and peasants who are ready to serve him for petty handouts. Opposed to Krushinsky and his henchmen, poor peasants from a neighboring village. Imbued with a sense of community, they seek to seek out the truth and bring the villain into clean water.

Yazep Krushinsky is a fist, the owner of the Kurganishche farm, a rich man without conscience, who made a fortune during the Civil War, and he is a skilled diplomat who knows how to make useful contacts among government officials, obtain the necessary information, formally abide by laws, but if necessary, intimidate and bring people to of death.

Anton Drachik is a peasant from the village of Gaydachany, a defender of the interests of the poor, a supporter of collectivization. The leader of the labor peasantry, the main opponent of Krushinsky. It represents new times in the Belarusian village.

Tsipruk Yaremchik is a poor peasant, an adherent of Soviet power, but naively dreaming of getting rich with old methods. Comic character, participant in numerous comic scenes.

Miron Garbochik is a village philosopher, nicknamed Leo Tolstoy for his resemblance and lifestyle. Honest, insightful, advocate of collectivization. One of those who reveals the true essence of Krushinsky. He keeps a record of the village of Gaydachany.

The peasants of the villages of Drozdy and Woodpeckers are hesitant peasants, deceived by Krushinsky and scamming for him for handouts.

The novel was the response of Zmitrok Byaduli to the socialist reconstruction of the village. He showed it the traditional way of life of the Belarusian peasantry on the eve of collectivization and highlighted the main aspects of the then existing Belarusian society: village kulaks, peasant collectivists, individual peasants and bourgeois nationalists. The novel is imbued with an understanding of the essence of the class struggle and a desire to show how the worst enemy can be hidden behind external integrity. The necessity of transforming an outdated way of life and, through a fracture of patriarchal, conservative foundations, the transition to a new, collective type of management was also emphasized ^[1] .

In the first part of the novel, the main attention is paid to Yazep Krushinsky, who is written out with great depth and thoroughness, and his social essence is revealed through his individual and class characteristics. The second part, written under the influence of critical reviews, loses the first in terms of ideological and artistic level due to the introduction of many lines into the plot, including those developing not in the village, but in the city, and the shift in emphasis on template positive heroes ^[1] .

Critics' attitude towards the novel has changed over time.

At the time of release, the first part was condemned for the unusual choice of the main character, which became a purely negative character. Reviewers noted that positive heroes are not so noticeable against his background, and in the second part of Byadul took these comments into account. For this, critics subsequently forgave the "mistake" of the author and wrote that the novel gives "a more correct picture of reality during the period of the victory of collectivization" ^[2] .

The ideological basis of the evaluation of the work was rejected in later reviews, which directly write about the superiority of the first part over the second from a literary point of view. At the same time, there is a true reflection of rural life in the first part and a flat, tendentious description of urban life gravitating to accepted patterns in the second ^[2] .

The similarity of the main character, Yazep Krushinsky, with the hero of the novel M. Sholokhov " Virgin Soil Upturned " by Ostrovnov, which, like Krushinsky, "cautiously, with the wrong hands" harmed the Soviet regime, was noted ^[2] .

In general, the novel is characterized as one of the most important works in the creative heritage of the writer and an example of creativity in the spirit of socialist realism ^[2] .

In Belarusian, the novel was published in two volumes with a four-year break in the Belarusian State Publishing House:

• Byadulya, Z. Yazep Krushynski: Raman. - Prince 1 - Mn. : Beldzyarzhvyd, 1929 .-- 332 p.
• Byadulya, Z. Yazep Krushynski: Raman / Zmіtrok Byadulya. - Prince 2 - Mn .: Dzyarzhvyd Belarusі: LіM, 1932. - 370 p.

The first book was translated into Russian by Clement Yakovchik in 1931:

• Byadulya, Z. Yazep Krushynsky: Roman / Per. with Belarus. K. Yakovchik; Foreword G. Berezko. - M .. - L., 1931 .-- 303 p.

Subsequently, the novel was included in several editions of the collected works of Zmitrok Byaduli.

• Byadul, Zmitrok. Collected Works: In 5 t. / Zmitrok Byadulya; Editorial board: V.V. Borisenko and others. Academy of Sciences of the BSSR, Institute of Literature. them. Yankees Kupala. - Minsk: Mastats. Lit., 1985-. T. 4: Yazep Krushinsky: Novel / Ed. V.V. Gnilomedov; Prep. text and comment. E.A. Zolova. - Minsk: Mastats. lit., 1987. - 374, [1] p., [1] p. Portr.
• Byadul, Zmitrok. Collected Works: In 5 t. / Zmitrok Byadulya; Editorial: V.V. Borisenko et al .; AN BSSR, Institute of Literature. Yankees Kupala. - Minsk: Mastats. Lit., 1985-. T. 5: Yazep Krushinsky: Novel, Prince. 2; Silver Snuffbox: Fairy Tale; Journalistic articles / [Afterword. M. Mushinsky]; Ed. V.V. Gnilomedov, M.I. Mushinsky. - Minsk: Mastats. lit., 1989. - 518, [1] p., [8] p. ill., fax. ISBN 5-340-00090-7