Said Pasha ( Arabic: سعيد باشا ; rules: 1813 - 1817 ) - ruler of Iraq from the Mameluk dynasty .
| Said Pasha | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ( Arabic: سعيد باشا ) | |||||||
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| Predecessor | Suleiman Pasha Little | ||||||
| Successor | Daud Pasha | ||||||
| Death | 1817 | ||||||
| Father | Suleiman Pasha the Great | ||||||
| Religion | |||||||
Content
Background
In 1638, Murad IV took Baghdad and established control over the interfluve of the Tigris and Euphrates . In the 17th century, conflicts with Persia weakened the forces of the Ottoman Empire in Iraq. The weakening of central authority in Iraq led to an increase in tribal nobility and resulted in an intensification of hostility between the Sunnis and Shiites . The situation worsened after the invasion of the Bedouin tribes from Arabia . The Bedouin raids on Iraq severely destroyed the provincial economy. The Kurds led by the Baban dynasty revolted and began armed operations against the Ottoman troops , they soon captured the whole of Iraqi Kurdistan [1] . Between 1625 and 1668 and from 1694 to 1701, local sheikhs from the Siyab clan ruled Basra as independent rulers and ignored the power of the Ottoman Pasha in Baghdad [2] . To restore order, Iraqi Vali Karamaniya Mamluk of Georgian origin Hassan Pasha was sent [3] . From the moment he was appointed Pasha of Baghdad , the history of the Mamlux dynasty in Iraq begins. Hassan Pasha improved the governance of the country, established the work of the bureaucratic apparatus and the defense capability of the province [4] . His son and successor, Ahmad Pasha, continued the policy of his father, with him an elite unit consisting of the Mamelukes “ Georgian Guard ” was created. Under the successor and son-in-law of Ahmad Pasha Suleiman Pasha Abu Leila, Iraq turned into a practically independent province [4] . The Ottoman Empire tried to regain influence on the province after the death of Abu Leila, but under Suleiman Pasha the Great, the gap between Iraq and Porta widened even further. After the death of Suleiman Pasha the Great, a period of civil strife began, weighed down by the invasion of Wahhabis from Arabia. Said Pasha’s predecessor, Uncle Ali Pasha and brother Suleiman Pasha Little were killed one after another, and Iraq was occupied by the Turkish army [5] .
Biography
Said Pasha was the son of Suleiman Pasha the Great . In 1812, he began a power struggle in Iraq. In 1813, Sultan Mahmoud II recognized the power of Said Pasha in Iraq [5] . Said Pasha ruled until 1817. The years of his reign are filled with new feudal turmoil and fruitless attempts by the Turkish authorities to put an end to the Mameluke separatism [6] . In 1817, Said Pasha was succeeded by Daud Pasha [7] .
Notes
- ↑ itvak, Meir (2002), Shi'i Scholars of Nineteenth-Century Iraq: The 'Ulama' of Najaf and Karbala, pp. 16-17. Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0-521-89296-1 . .
- ↑ Adamov A. Iraq, Arabic. Bassor province in its past and present. S.-Pb., 1910.P. 326. N ..
- ↑ Hathaway, Jane; Barbir, Karl (2008). The Arab Lands under Ottoman Rule: 1516-1800. Pearson Education. p. 96. ISBN 9780582418998 . .
- ↑ 1 2 Chapter 3. The Ottoman Empire. Turkey. Great Britain. XVI-XX centuries - Shumov S.A., Andreev A.R. Iraq: history, people, culture . www.countries.ru. Date of treatment January 31, 2016. Archived March 29, 2016.
- ↑ 1 2 Kissling, HJ (1969), The Last Great Muslim Empires, pp. 82-85. Brill, ISBN 90-04-02104-3 . .
- ↑ The rise of the Mamelukes . mybiblioteka.su. Date of treatment January 25, 2016.
- ↑ Daud Pasha // Soviet Historical Encyclopedia: in 16 vol. / Ed. E. M. Zhukova. - M.: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1963. - T. 4: The Hague - Dvin. - 1072 stb. .
Links
- The rise of the Mamelukes
- Nieuwenhuis, Tom (1982), Politics and Society in Early Modern Iraq: Mamluk Pashas, Tribal Shayks and Local Rule between 1802 and 1831. Springer, ISBN 90-247-2576-3