The Baksan Neutrino Observatory ( BNO ) is a physical observatory for the study of neutrinos located in the Baksan gorge of the Caucasus mountain range , Elbrus region (38 km from the city of Tyrnyauz , Elbrus district , Kabardino-Balkaria ; adit Main - ). The underground facilities of the observatory are located in two tunnels with a length of 3670 m under Andyrchi Mountain (the tunnels lead to the peaks of Andyrtau (3937 m) and Kurmutau [Kurmu (n) chi (towers), Kurmychi] (4045 m)), their equivalent depth is from 100 up to 4800 m water equivalent . Belongs to the Institute for Nuclear Research RAS . The number of employees together with attendants is about 250 people, most of them live in the village of Neutrino , located between Elbrus and Upper Baksan .
| Baksan Neutrino Observatory | |
|---|---|
| Location | Russia |
| Coordinates | |
Research areas:
- study of the internal structure and evolution of the Sun , stars, the core of the Galaxy and other objects of the Universe by recording their neutrino radiation ( Neutrino astronomy );
- the search for new particles and ultra-rare processes predicted by modern elementary particle theories at a level of sensitivity inaccessible to other methods;
- research of high-energy cosmic rays, gamma astronomy .
Content
Telescopes and installations
The observatory has the following settings:
- Baksan underground scintillation telescope (BPST) with a volume of 3000 m³ at a depth of 300 m below the surface;
- gallium - germanium neutrino telescope (GGNT) - radiochemical detector of solar neutrinos with a target of metal gallium weighing 60 tons (project SAGE [1] , located at a distance of 3.5 km from the entrance to the tunnel);
- the Andyrchi installation for recording extensive air showers (EAS), located on a mountain surface (2060 m above sea level) above the BUST on an area of 5⋅10 4 m² and consists of 37 scintillation detectors ;
- A complex of KOVER ground installations (includes a Large muon detector , a scintillation telescope and a neutron monitor), designed to study the rigid component of cosmic rays and extensive air showers, is located at the entrance of a parallel adit Auxiliary ( ).
History
1958 - Moses Aleksandrovich Markov , academician of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, put forward the idea of using natural neutrinos to study the problems of weak interactions in particle physics and the problems associated with astrophysics of the universe.
1962 - a group of physicists, namely M. A. Markov, G. T. Zatsepin , I. M. Zheleznykh, V. A. Kuzmin , published a number of articles in which they analyzed the fundamental theoretical and experimental possibilities of implementing Markov’s idea, in particular, the study of the behavior of the neutrino-nucleon interaction cross section as a function of neutrino energy (by that time there were already data from experiments on accelerators up to 10 GeV), the mass of the intermediate boson , etc.
1963 - G.T. Zatsepin proposed a fundamentally new scheme of a possible installation (neutrino telescope). For screening from various components of cosmic rays, which make up the background during neutrino registration, the installation must be placed under a large thickness of the substance. For this, Mount Andyrchi on Baksan was chosen.
In the late 70s and early 80s, two deep-buried chambers were dug in a tunnel under the Andyrchi mountain for experiments with atmospheric neutrinos and neutrinos from the Sun, and the installations began to work, and they are still working today.
In 1998, the staff of the Institute and Observatory was awarded the State Prize of the Russian Federation for the creation of the scientific complex of BNO, and in 2001, the B. M. Pontecorvo International Prize was awarded for achievements in the field of research of neutrino flux from the Sun.
Since December 2008, a new underground laboratory has been operating at the Baksan Neutrino Observatory inside the Andyrchi Mountain (Northern Caucasus) [2] .
In 2011, the staff of the Observatory included 29 researchers who are actively conducting scientific work (2 doctors and 14 candidates of physical and mathematical sciences). Head of the Observatory, Doctor of Philosophy V.V. Kuzminov.
In art
In 2015, a documentary was created about the observatory "Neutrino and Andyrtau" [3] .
In 2018, a documentary film about the Baksan Observatory was released on the TV channel " Present " [4] .
See also
- Institute for Nuclear Research RAS
- Astronomy in Russia
Notes
- ↑ Tom Bowles, The Russian-American Gallium Experiment // LANL Report LA-UR-97-2534-12, Los Alamos Science, N25, 1997
- ↑ RAS Report May 26, 2009
- ↑ Neutrino and Andyrtau - Online premiere at the Pilgrim . Pilgrim. Date of treatment December 8, 2018.
- ↑ Present. Baksan Observatory: “alive buried” neutrino fishers | UNKNOWN RUSSIA (February 12, 2018). Date of treatment February 17, 2018.
Links
- Department of Baksan Neutrino Observatory , official site // INR RAS
- Baksan Neutrino Observatory (BNO) INR RAS // INR RAS
- Baksan Neutrino Observatory - photos // danila85, 2008-02-04
- Artificial neutrino source Ar-37 and calibration of the gallium-germanium neutrino telescope, INR RAS. 2007.
- Ghostbusters . Roscosmos television studio report
- In the wake of space ghosts. Documentary film studio Roscosmos.
- Neutrino, a ghost particle. The program "Russian space" , 2012.
- Map sheet K-38-26 Mestia . Scale: 1: 100,000. State of the terrain for 1985. 1989 Edition
- Unknown Russia https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o8n88D2fA0w 2018