Alexander Dmitrievich Pavlovsky ( October 1, 1857 , Chufarovo , Yaroslavl Province , Russian Empire - October 8, 1946 , Soroki , Moldavian SSR ) - Russian and Soviet bacteriologist , pathologist , pharmacologist and surgeon .
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Biography
Alexander Pavlovsky was born on October 1, 1857 in Chufarovo in the family of a priest . After graduating from a school, a religious school and the Yaroslavl Theological Seminary , he first moved to Poland and entered Warsaw University , after graduating, he moved to Petersburg in 1876, where he studied at the St. Petersburg Medical and Surgical Academy until 1883, while at that time, as a student at the Petersburg Artists' Union, he worked as a zemstvo doctor in the Borovichi district of the Novgorod province . He published his successes in the position of Zemstvo doctor in the journals Health (1879), Medical Reports (1881) and the Weekly Clinical Newspaper . In 1883, having received a doctor’s diploma, he was sent to practice at a military hospital , after graduation, in 1885 he returned to the Medical and Surgical Academy first as a resident of a surgical clinic at the Moscow Art Theater, and then as a teacher, and for a year he gave a course of lectures to students. In the same year, he successfully defended his doctoral dissertation and received the title of Doctor of Medical Sciences . In 1886 he went on a two-year trip to Berlin , where from 1886 to 1889 he specialized in the laboratories of R. Virchow , R. Koch , and in 1889 he moved to Paris , where he specialized for some time in the laboratory of Louis Pasteur . In 1889 he moved to Kiev , where until 1918 he became a professor at Kiev University . In 1894, Kiev State University sent Alexander Dmitrievich on a one-year business trip to Paris, and he got a job at the Pasteur Institute. In 1895 he founded the Kiev Bacteriological Institute , and already in 1896 the institute opened its doors, where until 1918 Alexander Dmitrievich was the supervisor of studies in which he headed the serum department. During the Russo-Japanese War, he worked as a doctor in Manchuria, and during the First World War he worked as a surgeon in military hospitals in Kiev .
In 1918, in connection with the beginning of the Great October Revolution and the overthrow of the Russian Empire , Alexander Pavlovsky was forced to leave Russia forever and moved to live in Bessarabia. In Bessarabia, Alexander Dmitrievich continued his scientific and medical activities, working as a surgeon in Chisinau and Soroca .
Alexander Pavlovsky died on October 8, 1946 [1] in Soroki, just a week after celebrating his birthday. Shortly before his death, Alexander Dmitrievich wrote in Kiev to A. P. Krymov : “I am over 80, but I want to return to university and die in Kiev” [2] .
Scientific work
The main scientific works are devoted to the study of the etiology, pathogenesis and clinic of diphtheria, rhinoscleromas, tuberculosis , cholera and surgical research.
- 1885 - Investigated erysipelas .
- 1887 - Proposed treatment of anthrax with antagonist bacteria.
- 1889 - Studied various forms of tuberculosis of the joints.
- 1892 - One of the first to prove that the inflammatory focus in the body has a protective character.
- 1893 - Organized the production of cholera serum, which has found wide application in Germany and Japan due to the cholera epidemic.
- 1895 - Organized the manufacture of anti-diphtheria serum.
- 1897 - Created the drug Rinosclerin for the treatment of rhinoscleromas.
- 1929 - Investigated the nature of the bacteriophage and its role in immunity and therapy.
- He studied the antagonism of bacteria.
- Investigated the study of the interaction of microbes and the body.
- Developed a breeding ground for tuberculosis bacteria.
Selected Papers
- To the doctrine of bacteriotherapy. Treatment of anthrax and the fate of anthrax bacilli in the body. St. Petersburg, 1887.
- To the doctrine of the etiology, mode of origin and forms of acute peritonitis. SPb., 1889.
- On the treatment of rhinoscleromas with rhinosclerin. Kiev., 1894.
- On the issue of immunization and serotherapy for rhinoscleroma. M., 1897.
Society Memberships
- Founder and member of the Kiev Society for the Control of Infectious Diseases (1894).
Notes
Links
- A detailed biography of Alexander Pavlovsky on the NES website .
- Alexander Pavlovsky on the Vokabul website under the heading Encyclopedia of Russian Emigration .
- Biographical genealogy of the family of Alexander Pavlovsky on the site of the Settlement .