Yanikovsky, Stanislav

Stanislav Leopold Janikowski was born in the city of Piotrków Trybunalski , which is located in southern Poland. He was the son of the ethnographer and traveler Leopold Janikowski ( en: Leopold Janikowski ) and Sofia Yanikovskaya (nee Krajtsevich). Stanislav Yanikovsky spent the bulk of his life in Italy, in Rome, and returned to Poland only in 1965. On September 23, 1965, he died at the age of 77 in his parents ’house in Zielonka , a city located near Warsaw . He was buried in the capital itself.

Early life

Starting from school, Stanislav Yanikovsky participated in the struggle for the independence of Poland. When participating in clandestine operations, he was codenamed Wampir (Vampire). After the start of the Revolution of 1905-1907, he took part in a student strike against the policy of Russification . ^[1] He was a member of the Polskie Drużyny Strzeleckie ( Polish Archery Squads , a paramilitary organization that advocated independence and had headquarters in Krakow; was under the auspices of the Austrian government) ^[2] and the Sokol organization . Due to poor health and the outbreak of World War I, Yanikovsky was unable to complete his studies at Jagiellonian University . Since he also could not be accepted into the regular army, during the war Yanikovsky took an active part in a secret society called Wolnej Szkole Wojskowej (Free Cadet School) in Warsaw. ^[3] Since 1914, he was also a member of the secret Central Committee “ZET” of the Polish Youth Association ( Polish : Związek Młodzieży Polskiej), ^[4] and since 1915 - in the Polish Military Organization ( POW, Polska Organizacja Wojskowa ). In 1918, together with former ZET members who could no longer be considered “youth”, he became a member of the Związku Patriotycznym ( Patriotic League ) committee ^[5] , then - Związek Naprawy Rzeczpospolitej (Union for the Improvement of the Republic) . ^[6]

Diplomatic career

Stanislav Yanikovsky joined the Polish Ministry of Foreign Affairs on November 15, 1918. In 1920, he took part in negotiations with the Soviet side in Minsk. ^[7] The following year, he was also one of the members of the Polish delegation at the negotiations on the conclusion of the Riga Peace Treaty . ^[8] After that, he spent some time in Lithuania, negotiating the formation of a majority in the Sejm of Vilnius , which would support the policy of Jozef Pilsudski .

After returning to Warsaw, Yanikovsky worked for a short time in the Eastern Department of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Poland. In 1927, he took the post of adviser to the Embassy of the Polish Republic at the Holy See . ^[9]

After the death of Ambassador Vladislav Skrzhinsky in 1937, Yanikovsky acted as his former boss, as charge d'affaires , until the new ambassador Kazimierz Papier arrived in the Vatican.

World War II

After the outbreak of World War II , when the bulk of the Polish authorities were interned by the Germans, Yanikovsky was moving further in the service at the suggestion of the President of the Polish Republic , General Boleslav Wieniaw-Dlugoshovsky .

From 1944 until July 7, 1945, he held the position of manager of the ^[10] Embassy of the Polish Republic in Quirinal ^[11] , holding the title of envoy . ^[12] He continued to collaborate with Kazimierz Papier, although the name of Janikowski was not officially mentioned in the statistical yearbook Annuario Pontificio .

Post-war years

From January to May 1954 he remained in London, where he held the post of Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Polish government in exile ^[13] under the Prime Minister Jerzy Hryniewski . After returning to Rome, Yanikovsky was engaged in broadcasting. In 1965, he returned to Poland with his wife and settled in Zielonka (on the highway named after his father, explorer and traveler Leopold Janikowski), ^[14] near Warsaw , where he died a few months later, on September 23. He was buried on September 27, 1965 in a family grave at the Old Powowski Cemetery in Warsaw . Cupronickel Vankovic , a well-known writer in Poland, made a funeral speech at the burial.

Family

Stanislav Yanikovsky was the only child of Leopold (1855 - December 8, 1942) and Sofia Krajtsevich (November 21, 1867 - April 26, 1963). Leopold Yanikovsky was a meteorologist by training, and then also became an ethnographer. He made two expeditions to Cameroon and West Africa in the 1880s.

Stanislav met his future wife Galina Prevysh-Quinto during his stay in Vilna. They got married in 1925. Galina was born on September 23, 1898 in the city of Lipniski in Lithuania . They had three children. Their daughter Anna Maria, was born on July 21, 1926 in Warsaw; On June 29, 1946, she married Edward Szczepanik, who subsequently became the last Prime Minister of the Polish government in exile. She had 4 children and she alternately lived in London, Hong Kong, Rome and at the end of her life in Lewis, East Sussex , England. She died on December 23, 1995.

The first son, Stanislav Maria, was born in Rome on November 28, 1927. After the war, he settled in England, where he still lives in the city of Philistine , married to Irish Bridget Harkin. They have a daughter.

The second son, Wojciech Ignatius Maria, was born on July 31, 1935 in Vilnius. He spent his whole life in Rome, with his two sons.

Galina died in the city of Zielonka on December 18, 1981, 16 years after the death of her husband.

• Miscellanea Copernicana. Przyczynki do biografii , red. Mirosław J. Kucharski, Toruń: Towarzystwo Przyjaciół Archiwum Emigracji - Oficyna Wydawnicza Kucharski 2011.

• Czy wiesz kto to jest? (Warszawa, 1938)
• Associazione dei Polacchi in Italia / Związek Polaków we Włoszech of a collection of articles covering " Political, public and cultural activity of Poles in Rome in the 20th century "
• Pro publico bono : Polityczna, społeczna i kulturalna działalność Polaków w Rzymie w XX wieku red. Ewa Prządka. - Rzym: Fundacja Rzymska im. JS Umiastowskiej, 2006 .-- 478 s., 77 fot. (Polonica włoskie; 5. Świadectwa 4)
• Janikowski Stanisław w: Kto był kim w Drugiej Rzeczypospolitej (redakcja naukowa Jacek M. Majchrowski przy współpracy Grzegorza Mazura i Kamila Stepana ), Warszawa 1994, wyd. BGW, ISBN 8370665691 , s. 97-98.
• Ludwik Haas Związek patriotyczny 1918-1926. Z dziejów infrastruktury życia politycznego II Rzeczypospolitej , w: Kwartalnik historyczny nr 4 z 1978
• Janusz Rakowski Zetowcy i piłsudczycy (I) , w: Zeszyty Historyczne , nr 54, wyd. Instytut Literacki, Paryż 1980
• Janusz Rakowski Zetowcy i piłsudczycy (II) , w: Zeszyty Historyczne , nr 55, wyd. Instytut Literacki, Paryż 1981
• Przemysław M. Żukowski Pracownicy i absolwenci Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego w polskiej służbie zagranicznej 1918-1945 , w: Zeszyty Historyczne , nr 165, wyd. Instytut Literacki, Paryż 2008
• Krzysztof Tarka Emigracyjna dyplomacja. Polityka zagraniczna Rządu RP na uchodźstwie 1945-1990 , wyd. Oficyna Wydawnicza Rytm, Warszawa 2003

• Pro publico bono (Polish)
• Związek Polaków we Włoszech (Polish)
• Associazione dei Polacchi in Italia (Italian)