BRDM-2

The combat reconnaissance and patrol vehicle was developed at the design bureau of the Gorky Automobile Plant . The work was supervised by V. A. Dedkov. May 22, 1962 the car was adopted. Serial production of the machine was organized in 1963 at GAZ, and from 1982 at the Arzamas Engineering Plant, and continued until 1989 ^[3] .

• BRDM-2 (GAZ-41-06) - the basic model. Produced since 1963
• BRDM-2 "Fox" (GAZ-41-10) - the basic model. It has been produced since 1967. With automatic PAZ and optional night vision devices
• BRDM-2A - modernized
• BRDM-2M - modernized, 9 pcs. transferred to Kyrgyzstan ^[4] .

BRDM-2 has a layout with the location of the control compartment in the frontal, fighting compartment in the middle, and the engine compartment in the rear of the machine. The crew of the BRDM consists of four people: the commander and driver, located in the control compartment on the right and left, respectively, the shooter in the tower , and the observer taking a seat on the port side or starboard in the fighting compartment.

It is reported that, unlike the basic version, Lao BRDMs are equipped with diesel engines (in the USSR GAZ-41 gasoline 8-cylinder engines were installed on the machines), an electro-optical station mounted on the rear of the tower, and also with overhead steel sheets covering various vulnerable sections of the hull .

Armored Corps and Tower

The BRDM-2 armored hull in terms of security corresponds to the 1st NATO class - in the side projection and the 2nd NATO class in the frontal (except for the turret) - that is, it provides protection against ordinary (without a heat-strengthened core) bullets of both automatic and rifle cartridges when firing at the side, point blank, fragments of 155/152 mm shells from a distance of 100 meters. And from all types of rifle bullets (including those with a heat-strengthened core) when shooting point-blank - when hit in the frontal projection.

With bullets of rifle cartridges with a steel, heat-strengthened core 7H13 and B-32, (cartridge 7.62x54R), and M993AR (cartridge 7.62x51NATO), the BRDM-2 side armor is guaranteed to penetrate from a distance of 200 meters.

Armor-piercing bullets of large-caliber cartridges (12.7 x 108 DShK, 12.7 x 99 NATO) - the frontal projection penetrates from a distance of 500 meters, and the side projection - 1200 meters.

With cartridges of 12.7 mm heavy machine guns with an armor-piercing bullet with a hard-alloy core, as well as with cartridges of 14.5x114, the armor of the BRDM-2 makes its way from a distance of up to 1200-1500 meters.

Management Branch

In the bow of the housing is the control compartment. The control unit contains the machine controls, as well as the following equipment ^[5] :

1. Seats commander and driver;
2. Instrumentation;
3. Radio station ;
4. Surveillance devices.

The seats have a position adjustment system. In the niche of the right front wheel there is a bracket for the DP-3B radiometer. The portable unit of the device is fixed in the housing on the front lower sheet ^[5] .

Fighting Unit

The fighting compartment is located in the middle of the car. In order to access the power plant from inside the car, there is a partition in the rear of the fighting compartment in which special hatches are installed ^[5] .

In the fighting compartment there are two places for the crew of the car. A shoulder strap is installed on the roof, on which the tower of the car is located. The tower has a hanging seat to accommodate the shooter. In the center on the floor there is a sealed casing, under which a transfer case is placed. In addition, the floor has a special niche for placing tools. The niche is closed with a hinged lid ^[5] .

Powerplant Division

At the rear of the hull is a power unit compartment. In the power plant compartment are located ^{[5] [6]} :

1. Manual start drive;
2. Engine;
3. Fuel tank starting heater;
4. Generator set;
5. Filter ventilation installation;
6. Gearbox ;
7. Air cylinders;
8. Water and oil radiators ;
9. Rechargeable battery ;
10. Water and oil heat exchangers ;
11. Cardan drive of a jet propulsion device ;
12. Compressor
13. Pump down valve;
14. Starting heater;
15. Water-pumping electric pump.

Armament

The armament of the BRDM-2 is the coaxial installation of a 14.5 mm KPVT machine gun and 7.62 mm PKT . The installation is placed on the pins in the frontal part of the tower , its guidance in the vertical plane, within −5 ... + 30 °, is carried out manually using a screw mechanism, horizontal aiming is carried out by rotating the tower. The aiming of machine guns at the target is carried out using a periscope telescopic sight PP-61 or PP-61AM , having a magnification of 2.6 × with a field of view of 23 ° and providing fire from the KPVT at a distance of up to 2000 meters and from the PKT - up to 1500 meters. KPVT is designed to combat lightly armored and unarmored enemy equipment and has an ammunition load of 500 rounds in 10 tapes equipped with B-32 armor - piercing incendiary bullets and BZT tracer armor - piercing , with tungsten carbide core , BS-41 bullets and BST tracer , and also incendiary RF ^[7] . The Kalashnikov machine gun is designed to destroy enemy manpower and fire weapons and has an ammunition load of 2000 rounds in 8 tapes.

The strength characteristics of the armored hull allow installing modules with guns up to 23 mm in caliber instead of a tower with a 14.5 mm KPVT machine gun.

Monitoring and communication tools

As a reconnaissance vehicle, the BRDM-2 has a developed range of surveillance tools. The machine commander has a binocular periscopic tank panorama TPKU-2B , which provided a 5 × magnification with a field of view of 7.5 °, which made it possible to observe at a distance of up to 3,000 meters, and gave a circular view ^[7] . At night, the TKN-1C monocular night vision device was installed at TPKU-2B, having a magnification of 2.75 × and a field of view of 10 ° and providing surveillance at a distance of up to 250-300 meters when illuminated with an OU-3 infrared illuminator ^[9] . In addition to them, the commander has four fixed periscope devices: one TNPO-115 and three TPN-B , providing an overview of the frontal and right side sectors. The driver has six periscope observation devices: two TNPO-115 and four TPN-B , providing an overview of the frontal and left side sectors. At night, the central device TNPO-115 is replaced by a binocular fixed night vision device TVNO-2B , which provided surveillance in the 30 ° sector at a distance of 50-60 meters ^[9] . In non-combat conditions, the commander and driver could observe through inspection hatches in the frontal sheet of the hull. The observer at each of his places had three TPN-B periscope devices, which provided an overview of the corresponding airborne sector. TPN-B and TNPO-115 had a one-time increase and were distinguished by the presence in the latter of electric heating, which improved visibility through them at low temperatures. The tower shooter, in addition to the sight of the machine - gun mount, which he used as the main means of observation, had a TNPT-1 periscope device installed in the roof of the tower and providing 52 ° observation of the feed sector.

Engine and transmission

The BRDM-2 is equipped with an eight-cylinder V-shaped four - stroke gas engine GAZ-41, similar to the engines installed on Chaika cars GAZ-13 and GAZ-14 . Engine power is 140 liters. with. The engine uses a combined lubrication system (under pressure and by spraying). The oil pump is a two-section gear type. A jet centrifugal oil filter with a jet drive is also used. The total capacity of the fuel tanks is 280 liters ^[10] .

The transmission is mechanical . It has 4 forward and one reverse gear. The clutch is single-plate, damper with an outer diameter of the driven disk of 300 mm ^[11] .

Chassis

Wheel undercarriage. The camber angle is 0 ° 45 '. Car tires 12.00-18 " with central pressure regulation are installed, similar to tires of GAZ-63 , GAZ-66 and ZIL-157 automobiles. Suspension spring with longitudinal semi-elliptic springs. The ends of the springs are mounted in rubber cushions ^[11] . On each bridge there is two hydraulic shock absorbers of telescopic type with two-sided action ^[12] .

To overcome trenches and trenches , two pneumatic wheels from each side were installed on the BRDM-2. The size of the wheels is 700 × 250 mm. Before overcoming obstacles, the wheels are lowered, and after overcoming - they are lifted using four hydraulic lifts with a ball lock. The wheels, as well as the main ones, are leading. They are set in motion thanks to the power take-off via chain transmissions ^[13] .

A water jet is installed in the rear of the machine. Water is drawn from under the bottom. Propellers are equipped with propellers with a diameter of 500 mm. Traction at 900–1100 rpm of the screw is 700 kgf . The mover is driven by a special power take-off mounted on the left side of the gearbox ^[13] .

• BRDM-2M (A) - a modernized version of the BRDM-2. Manufacturer - Arzamas Engineering Plant . The machine is lightened - the on-board wheel mechanisms for increasing patency are removed, instead of them there are trapezoidal doors from the BTR-70 . The suspension is unified with the BTR-80 . Instead of a gasoline engine , a 136- liter D-245.9 turbodiesel engine was installed . with. . The BRDM is equipped with a BPU-1 turret armed with a 14.5 mm KPVT machine gun and a 7.62 mm PKT machine gun (with the KPVT shelling angle increased to + 60 °) and equipped with modern R-163 or R-173 radio stations.
• BRDM-2LD - Ukrainian modernization of the BRDM-2 (with side landing hatches and a diesel engine SMD-21-08 of Ukrainian production), was produced by the Nikolaev Nikolaev Mechanical Repair Plant ^[14] . Release is discontinued due to the bankruptcy of the Hammer and Sickle factory (manufacturer of engines of the SMD series) ^[15]
• BRDM-2M - Ukrainian modernization of the BRDM-2. The same as the BRDM-2LD , but with a standard gasoline engine. The State Enterprise "Nikolaev Repair and Mechanical Plant" was produced. ^[sixteen]
• BRDM-2DI "Khazar" - Ukrainian modernization of the BRDM-2, developed in 2005 at the State Enterprise "Nikolaev Repair and Mechanical Plant". Side landing doors of the BRDM-2LD and BRDM-2M type, a FPT IVECO Tector diesel engine with a pre-heater, a thermal imager ^[17] and a new weapon system ^{[18] were} installed.
• BRDM-2L1 - Ukrainian modernization of the BRDM-2. Variant of modernization of the State Enterprise "Nikolaev Repair and Mechanical Plant". The machine received hatches of the BRDM-2LD and BRDM-2M type and loopholes for firing, a modern Ukrainian-made radio station was installed, and new tubeless tires with adjustable pressure were used. ^[nineteen]
• BRDM-2DP - Ukrainian modernization of the BRDM-2, developed by JSC "Mayak Plant ". Lightweight modification (the tower and the on-board wheeled mechanisms for increasing patency were removed), a side door for landing was equipped, a diesel engine and a device for overcoming trenches and trenches were installed, armament was changed (a 12.7-mm DShKM machine gun and 2 on-board 7.62-mm machine guns were delivered) machine gun SGMB ). Also, the machine can be equipped with removable anti-cumulative nets ^[20] .
• BRDM-2I - Ukrainian modernization of the BRDM-2, proposed by the 45th experimental mechanical plant (Vinnitsa) . The regular gasoline engine was replaced with a low-noise diesel engine “ISUZU” with a capacity of 156 liters. with. Water-jet installation and anti-tilt wheels during modernization saved. Additionally, an electronic system for centralized tire inflation of Ukrainian production was installed. ^{[21] [22]} Armament: 14.5-mm machine gun KPVT, 7.62-mm machine gun PKT, grenade launcher AGS-17, ATGM “Barrier”. ^[23]
• BRDM-2T - Ukrainian modernization of the BRDM-2, developed by the company NPK Tekhimpeks LLC (Kiev).
• BRDM-2 "VEPR" - Ukrainian modernization of the BRDM-2, proposed by the company "VEPR" . Visibility is improved by glazing the cockpit with armored glass. The bottom is armored. Side wheels dismantled. Instead, they installed full-profile doors for landing and landing. Armament reinforced. In addition to the standard armament, a stern machine gun was added, the place of the machine gunner is equipped on the site of the dismantled water jet propulsion. In the bow, an exchange rate automatic grenade launcher is provided. Lighting technology is modified for movement on public roads ^[24] .
• BKM "Gecko" - Ukrainian modernization of the BRDM-2, presented in 2016 by the Arey Engineering Group. Armor protection enhanced. The standard GAZ-41 gasoline engine and mechanical transmission were replaced by a new General Motors diesel engine with a capacity of 215 liters. with. hydraulically driven. Two pairs of pneumatic wheels designed to overcome trenches and trenches, and their hydraulic lifts are dismantled. Two loopholes for firing small arms and two side doors were made on the sides. For movement on water, two water-jet propulsion devices of Italian production are installed. Armament: 12.7 mm NSVT machine gun, 7.62 mm PKT machine gun and 4 smoke grenade launchers. ^[25] .
• BRM “Mongoose” - Ukrainian modernization of the BRDM-2, first introduced in 2017 under the name BRDM-NIK. Changed the layout of the frontal part, increased internal volume of the machine. An additional reservation is established. Power plant type BRDM-2DI . The ability to swim is saved. Armament: a robotic combat module with 14.5 mm and 7.62 mm machine guns. ^{[23] [26]}
• BRDM-2MB1 - Belarusian modernization of the BRDM-2; since 2011, OJSC 140 Repair Plant has been produced ^[27] . Dismounted water jets and additional wheels. Side landing hatches, a R-173 radio station, a new diesel engine D245.30E2 with a capacity of 155 liters were installed. pp., Adunok combat module and video surveillance system. Armed with a 12.7 mm NSVT machine gun . The crew is increased to 7 people.
• MBTS " Cayman " - Belarusian modernization of the BRDM-2. A prototype was presented in 2015 by OJSC 140 Repair Plant. The regular body of the machine has undergone a radical alteration. The front of the case is glazed with bulletproof glass. Side anti-tilt wheels are dismantled, and landing doors are installed in their place. The bottom is V-shaped. Bridges, wheel gears and independent torsion bar suspension from BTR-60. The standard engine has been replaced by a diesel D 245 with an electronic control system. The gearbox is a five-speed manual. The machine retained buoyancy. For movement on water, a new engine with power take-offs was used to drive propellers. Gross vehicle weight is 7 tons. The speed on the highway is 110 km / h. Cruising range - 1000 km. The crew is 6 people ^[28] .
• ZKDM Zubastik is a modernized version developed in Azerbaijan. It is equipped with reinforced mine protection, a new turret (in which a 23-mm GSh-23 double-barreled gun, a 7.62-mm machine gun, a 30-mm AGS-30 automatic grenade launcher and four 81-mm smoke grenade launchers are installed - two on each side of the tower) , the new diesel engine D-245.30E2 with a capacity of 150 liters. with. Dismounted water jets and additional wheels. Established side landing hatches ^[29] . One demo was developed in September 2013; in December 2013 it was sent for testing ^[30]
• BRDM-2 is a modernization option proposed by STC Delta. Water-jet propellers and additional wheels were dismantled, a combat module (with a 23 mm 2A14 automatic gun and 7.62 mm PKT machine gun) and two four-barreled smoke grenade launchers were installed on the machine ^[31] . One car was presented on May 24, 2014 at a military parade in Tbilisi in honor of Independence Day of Georgia.
• BRDM-KZ - a modernized version developed in 2013-2014. Kazakhstani companies Semey Engineering and Kazakhstan Aselsan Engineering. The track was expanded due to the installation of bridges from the BTR-80, an Iveco diesel engine was installed. In May 2014, one demo was presented at KADEX-2014 ^[32]
• BRDM-2M96i is the Polish modernized version with the Iveco Aifo 8040 diesel engine, developed in 1994-1997. Available in several versions.
• Kurјak - a modernized version of the production of Serbia.
• LOT-B is a Czech modernized version.
• LOT-V - Commander version of LOT-B.

• 9P19 - combat vehicle ATGM "Eye"
• 9P122 - PTRK 9K11M Malyutka-M combat vehicle (GAZ-41-02 chassis).
• 9P124 - combat vehicle PTRK 2K8M "Falanga-M"
• 9P133 - PTRK 9K11P Malyutka-P combat vehicle (GAZ-41-06 chassis).
• 9P137 - combat vehicle PTRK 2K8P "Falanga-P"
• 9P148 - PTRK 9K113 "Competition" combat vehicle (GAZ-41-08 chassis).
• BRDM-2RHB “Dolphin” is a radiation and chemical reconnaissance machine with a gas detector GSA-12, VPKhR, a DP-5V meter, a DP-3B radiometer (GAZ-41-05 chassis).
• BRDM-2U - battalion commander control machine. With an additional radio station P-123. Without tower
• 9A31 - combat vehicle SAM 9K31 "Arrow-1"
• ZS-72B - medium power broadcasting station
• ZS-82 - medium power broadcasting station
• Alesya-1 - Belarusian emergency transport vehicle ^[33] , crew of 8-10 people
• ATM-1 - universal emergency transport vehicle
• TM-1P - Russian floating transport vehicle
• BI-1 - Russian armored collection vehicle
• PSM-8 - search and rescue vehicle
• UDDS-BRDM - training and operational stand
• GAZ-41D - experimental, 1962-64 Landing, with a BMP-1 turret. Crew - 2 people. YaMZ engine, diesel
• BRDM-2D - modernization option (1999), with an engine capacity of 195 liters. with., without additional skating rinks
• BRDM-2M - upgrade option (2001), with a YaMZ-3460 diesel engine with a capacity of 160 liters. with.
• BRDM-2M - modernization option (Muromteplovoz JSC, 2005), with a four-cylinder diesel engine YaMZ-E534.10 with a capacity of 160 liters. with. No extra wheels
• BRDM-2M is an upgrade option. With the turret machine gun MA7 (12.7 mm "Cord" ; 7.62 mm PKT )
• BRDM-2-122 - a Cuban 120-mm self-propelled mortar based on the BRDM-2 - the turret was removed, a Soviet-made 120-mm mortar was installed as armament (in total, 40-50 vehicles were produced for the Cuban army in two versions)

Modern

BRDM-2 is in service with the following countries ^[34] :

Azerbaijan-88 pieces of which 22 are modified

Former

•   USSR - passed to the states formed after the collapse ^[89]
•   Bosnia and Herzegovina - withdrawn from service ^[89]
•   Hungary - 350 BRDM-2 units were delivered from the USSR during the period from 1969 to 1975 ^[47] , according to other sources they were delivered only in versions 9P122 / 133 and MANPADS carriers ^[89]
•   GDR - 1579 units delivered from the USSR between 1975 and 1976 , used under the designation SPW-40P2 ^[47] , transferred to Germany ^[89]
•   Germany - Discontinued ^[89]
•   Israel - captured Egyptian , withdrawn from service ^[89]
•   Latvia - 2 BRDM-2, decommissioned ^[90]
•   Iraq - 250 BRDM-2 units delivered from the USSR during the period from 1967 to 1973 ^[47]
•   Romania - 121 BRDM-2 units delivered from the USSR from 1975 to 1978 ^[47] , withdrawn from service ^[89]
•   North Yemen - 50 BRDM-2 units delivered from the USSR in 1980 ^[47]
•   Uganda - 100 BRDM-2 units delivered from the USSR in 1975 ^[47]
•   Czechoslovakia - 100 BRDM-2 units were delivered from the USSR during the period from 1975 to 1976 ^[47]
•   Estonia - Discontinued ^[89]
•   Yugoslavia - 50 BRDM-2 units delivered from the USSR in 1970 ^[47]
•   NDR Yemen - 100 BRDM-2 units delivered from the USSR in 1972 ^[47]

•  

  Iraqi BRDM-2 at the US National Museum of Infantry at Fort Benning

•  

  SAM Arrow-1 based on the BRDM-2

•  

  Polish BRDM-2

•  

  BRDM-2 model 1962. Voronezh

•  

  BRDM-2 of the Armed Forces of Ukraine

•  

  BRDM-2, Ukraine

•  

  BRDM-2, Ukraine

•  
•  

  BRDM - 2 Psahara. Abkhazia

Combat use

The war in Vietnam - was used by the army of northern Vietnam.

1. Operation Danube ^[91]
2. Doomsday War One of the largest battles with the participation of the BRDM-2 armed with the Malyutka ATGM occurred on October 6, 1973 , when the Egyptian army crossed the Suez Canal . Egyptian forces crossing the channel were attacked by Israeli M48 Patton and M60 Patton tanks of the 252nd Armored Division. Tanks went without preliminary reconnaissance and without infantry, which led to their defeat. Egyptian BRDM and infantry shot down and burned 165 Israeli M48 and M60 tanks. Burned tanks dotted the desert in front of Egyptian positions. Landing machines were also used on the Syrian front. In particular, on October 12, the Syrian BRDM-2 and infantry stopped the advance of Israeli tanks of the 188th reserve brigade along the El Quneitra-Damascus highway, while the Israelis suffered heavy losses ^{[92] [93] [94] [95]} .
3. Afghan War (1979-1989) ^[96]
4. Yugoslav wars (1991-1995) - were used by various parties to the conflict.
5. October events in Moscow 1993 .
6. Chechen wars (1994-1996, 1999-2009) - used by Russian troops and Chechen fighters. Used in troops deserved love for unpretentiousness, high maintainability and survivability .
7. Armed conflict in South Ossetia - according to independent experts from the Center for Analysis of Strategies and Technologies, Russian troops lost 3 BRDM. One of the drivers of the Russian BRDM-2, Oleg Rudel, was awarded the medal “For Courage” ^{[97] [98]}
8. Civil war in Libya (since 2011) ^[99] .
9. Armed conflict in the east of Ukraine (since 2014)

• BRDM-3 - created on the basis of the armored personnel carrier BTR-80 A. The composition of the armament, power plant, transmission and chassis are identical to the base machine. A distinctive feature is the lack of embrasures for small arms on the sides of the hull.
• D442 - Hungarian version of the BRDM-1
• PSZH D944 - Hungarian version of the BRDM, combining the features of the BRDM-1 and BRDM-2
• Cadillac Commando
• Vab
• BRDM

• 41-3902010 ИЭ. Бронированная разведывательно-дозорная машина БРДМ-2. Инструкция по эксплуатации. — 22 издание. - 352 p.
• Аржанухин Г. В., Мамлеев А. И. Основы теории и конструкции бронетранспортёров и армейских автомобилей // Основы теории и конструкции танков, боевых машин пехоты, бронетранспортёров и армейских автомобилей. Учебник / Медведков В. И.. — Москва: Военное издательство Министерства обороны СССР, 1973. — Т. Часть вторая. — С. 42. — 383 с.
• полковник-инженер В. Князьков. В разведку // журнал «Юный техник», № 9, 1982. стр.17-21
• подполковник-инженер Г. Требухов. Подготовка БРДМ-2 к стрельбе // «Техника и вооружение», № 2, 1984. стр.30
• полковник-инженер Г. Требухов. Усовершенствование БРДМ-2 // «Техника и вооружение», № 6, 1984. стр.28-29
• Карпенко А. В. Бронетранспортёры // Обозрение отечественной бронетанковой техники (1905-1995). — Санкт-Петербург: Невский бастион, 1996. — С. 80. — 480 с. - 10,000 copies.
• M. Baryatinsky. Советская бронетанковая техника 1945—1995. — Москва: Моделист-Конструктор, 2000. — Т. 2. — 32 с. — (Бронеколлекция № 4 (31) / 2000). - 4000 copies.
• Сергей Монетчиков. Арсенал: стальные разведчики // «Братишка», декабрь 2010

• scalemodels.ru, 18 фотографий БРДМ-2
• army-guide.com, «БРДМ-2»
• «БРДМ-2: машина для разведки»
• БРДМ-2: Гражданский вариант (фото)