Mnangagwa, Emmerson

Received primary education in a rural school. Subsequently, the family moved to Northern Rhodesia , where Emmerson Mnangagwa graduated from a building school and entered a technical college. He was expelled from college for political actions against the colonial authorities. He was a member of the United National Independence Party .

In 1962, Emmerson Mnangagwa joined the Zimbabwean African People's Union ( ZAPU ). He completed primary military training at the ZAPU Tanganyika training camp, then in Egypt .

In August 1963, Emmerson Mnangagwa moved from ZAPU to the African National Union of Zimbabwe ( ZANU ). This led to the arrest of Mnangagwa and a group of like-minded Egyptian authorities. Robert Mugabe personally agreed on the release. From Egypt, Mnangagwa went to Tanganyika, then was sent to the training camp of the FRELIMO organization, with which Mugabe maintained allied relations.

With a group of ZANLA militants, Emmerson Mnangagwa underwent military and ideological training in the PRC . From there he again arrived in Tanzania , where he became a member of the military-sabotage “Crocodile Group” (the nickname Ngwena - the Crocodile also received Mnangagwa personally). He was engaged in the delivery of weapons and the transfer of militants to partisan units operating in Southern Rhodesia . Developed plans and monitored the attacks on white farmers and Rhodesian security forces.

In January 1965, Mnangagwa was arrested by the Rhodesian police. During interrogations, physical influence was applied to him. He pleaded guilty to the attack on the railroad near the city of Fort Victoria . He escaped the death penalty by age and was sentenced to ten years in prison. Completing legal education, he passed some exams in custody.

After partially serving the term, she was deported to Zambia . In 1972 received a bachelor's degree in law from the University of London . He completed his law degree at the University of Zambia. He worked as a lawyer in Lusaka .

In 1977, Emmerson Mnangagwa was elected to the top leadership of ZANU and took over as Special Assistant Chairman Robert Mugabe. This status meant overseeing all the civilian and military units of the party. Mnangagwa also led the security services of ZANU and ZANLA.

In 1979, he participated in the Lancasterhouse Conference . He played a prominent role in preparing for the February 1980 election, in which ZANU won.

In the first government of independent Zimbabwe, Emmerson Mnangagwa took the post of Minister of State Security. He led the main intelligence service of Zimbabwe - the Central Intelligence Organization ( CIO ). He also led the Joint Operational Command , the coordinating body of the armed forces of the former Rhodesia , retained by the Mugabe government for its security forces. He led the process of integrating ZANLA, ZIPRA and parts of the Rhodesian army loyal to the new regime into the armed forces of Zimbabwe .

He took an active part in the campaign of repression against ZAPU and Ndebele 1982-1983. The result was the defeat of ZAPU and the political elimination of Joshua Nkomo as a competitor to Robert Mugabe.

In 1989, Emmerson Mnangagwa moved from the Ministry of State Security to the Ministry of Justice and remained in this position until 2000. In 1995-1996 he also acted as Minister of Finance. In 2000-2005 - Chairman of the lower house of parliament. From 2005 to 2009 - Minister of Housing and Social Policy. In 2009—2013 - Minister of Defense of Zimbabwe. In 2013, Mnangagwa returned to the post of Minister of Justice.

Despite the 2000 election defeat - an opposition MDC candidate was elected - Mnangagwa became a member of parliament by appointment of the president. After that, Mnangagwa became chairman of the House of Assembly. He was accused of "manipulating meetings and voting." In 2008 he managed to be elected to the deputies. He led the presidential campaigns of Mugabe 2008 and 2013.

Power Resource

In all government and military posts, Emmerson Mnangagwa was the closest associate and confidant of Robert Mugabe ^[7] . It was considered the second most influential party and statesman in Zimbabwe and a potential successor to the head of state. This prospect was alarming for a number of observers who were afraid of the coming to the supreme power of “the former chief of the espionage department nicknamed“ Crocodile “with a reputation for ruthlessness” ^[8] .

In the economic sphere, Emmerson Mnangagwa was an active conductor of the policy of “indigenousization” - strengthening African-Zimbabwean “ black capital” ^[9] . In this, he enjoyed the support not only of President Mugabe, but also of large business magnates from the circle of Paul Mkondo (agricultural sector, transport, real estate) and James Macamba (investment, mining, telecommunications). With the participation of Mnangagwa, a law was passed that secured controlling stakes in industry for black Zimbabweans ^[10] .

At the same time, Mnangagwa maintains ties with influential figures in the white community, including former high-ranking Rhodesian security officials. Mnangagwa’s joint business with Colonel Lionel Dick was reported. With the knowledge of Mnangagwa, Colonel Dick acted as a mediator in confidential contacts between the Mugabe government and the opposition party of Morgan Tsvangirai ^[11] . Colonel Dan Stannard ^[12] , formerly the second person in the intelligence service of the Ian Smith regime, served in the state security apparatus under the leadership of Mnangagwa. Stannard was awarded the highest military award in Zimbabwe - the Golden Cross .

Appointment as Vice President

In December 2014, the first vice-president of Zimbabwe, Joyce Mujuru (widow of Solomon Mujuru ), who was first served by his wife Mugabe Grace, was charged with an anti-presidential conspiracy and removed from office. Emmerson Mnangagwa, who also remained Minister of Justice, took over as vice president.

Between the couple Mujuru and Emmerson Mnangagwa, there was a longstanding confrontation. The commander-in-chief of the Zimbabwean army, Solomon Mujuru, was considered the main adversary of Mnangagwa in the internal party struggle ^[13] . After the resignation and house arrest of Solomon Mujuru, the struggle for influence on Mugabe and the status of presidential successor, Mnangagwa was fought with his wife Joyce Mujuru, who served as first vice president. The former partisan Mujuru was considered to be the representative of the “moderate line”, focused on public organizations and business structures. She enjoyed support in the party apparatus, women's and youth organizations of the ruling party. Mnangagwa was supported by the leaders of the army and special services, deputies and the parliament apparatus.

Joyce Mujuru was defeated in a conflict with the president’s influential wife. However, the appointment of a "strong man" Mnangagwa also weakened the position of the first lady. The First Vice President oversees defense, state security, justice, prisons and the Central Bank. Around him also consolidated the white business elite, organized in a confederation of industrialists and landowners ^[14] . A sharp aggravation of the confrontation between Emmerson Mnangagwa and Grace Mugabe has been observed since the fall of 2015 ^[15]

Shortly after the appointment of Mnangagwa, the head of state began to delegate part of his presidential powers to him ^[16] . Thus, Mnangagwa began to interfere with Grace Mugabe, who recently did not hide her presidential ambitions.

The situation changed dramatically in November 2017 . On November 7, under the influence of his wife, President Mugabe removed Mnangagwa from the post of first vice president. They began to say that the appointment of Grace Mugabe was being prepared for this place. The next day, an open letter was published hiding in exile (most sources call South Africa ) Mnangagwa, addressed to Mugaba. It contained sharp exposures to Mugabe for usurping power:

Our party is not a personal property for you and your wife ^[17] .

The media reported on the upcoming accusation of Mnangagwa of conspiracy to overthrow the president and seize power, as well as corruption and murder ^[18] . Some sources claim that Mnangagwa is making desperate attempts to contact the Mugabe couple in order to receive forgiveness from them ^[19] .

Representatives of the Zimbabwean opposition regarded the dismissal of Mnangagwa as a sign of another purge surrounded by the president (probably initiated by Grace Mugabe). They are not inclined to trust his “opposition”, which suddenly appeared, and remind him of the role of the former vice president in creating the regime’s repressive apparatus ^[20] .

November 15, 2017 in Zimbabwe, a military coup took place Robert Mugabe was removed from power in the country, on November 19 Emmerson Mnangagwa at the congress of the Zimbabwean African National Union party - the Patriotic Front was elected chairman and first secretary, on November 24, Mnangagwa was sworn in as the new president Zimbabwe at the national sports stadium in Harare, where about sixty thousand people gathered. The ceremony was attended by singer Jah Praiseh, as well as foreign dignitaries, including several African leaders, as well as former Zimbabwean Prime Minister and opposition leader Morgan Tsvangirai . The inauguration was attended by the presidents of Angola ( Juan Lawrence ), South Africa ( Jacob Zuma ), Zambia ( Edgar Lungu ), Mozambique ( Filipe Newsi ), Botswana ( Ian Khama ), British Minister of State for Africa Rory Stewart, who made a statement in which characterized the change of leaders in Zimbabwe as an “absolutely critical moment” after the “destructive rule of Robert Mugabe ”.

Mnangagwa was sworn in as Chief Justice Luke Malaba. During his first speech as president, he vowed to serve all citizens, revitalize the economy and reduce corruption. He also paid tribute to Robert Mugaba , who was not present at the inauguration, allegedly for health reasons, as his mentor. Mnangagwa distanced himself from his predecessor, promising to actively interact with all countries. He also said that the Mugabe land reform program beyond 2000 will be supported, although white farmers will receive compensation for the land taken from them, and confirmed the holding of the 2018 elections . On November 27, 2017, Mnangagwa dissolved the Zimbabwean cabinet of ministers and appointed two acting ministers.

On January 18, 2018, Mnangagwa expressed its desire to resume cooperation with the West, inviting the United Nations , the European Union and the Commonwealth to monitor the elections in Zimbabwe in 2018. In addition, Mnangagwa expressed his desire to restore good relations with the United Kingdom and rejoin the Commonwealth thanks to the withdrawal of Great Britain from the European Union.

Assassination

On June 23, 2018, President Emmerson Mnangagwa was in Bulawayo, Zimbabwe , where he delivered a speech at the stadium (White City) ^[21] . At the end of the performance, he was heading to his VIP tent, and suddenly an explosion occurred in the crowd of people who were near him. Emmerson Mnangagwa himself was not injured in the attack ^[22] , but 8 people were injured: vice president Kimbo Mohadi, vice president Konstantino Chivenga and several ministers. After the attack, Emmerson Mnangagwu called on people to peace, love and unity, and also said that he brings condolences to all those who suffered as a result of the "senseless act of cruelty."

Election Victory

Mnangagwu was declared the winner of the presidential election held on July 30, 2018 , gaining 50.8% of the vote. Основной кандидат от оппозиции, Нельсон Чамиза , отказался признать официальные результаты, обвинив избирательную комиссию в подтасовках, и обратился в суд.

Эммерсон Мнангагва женат третьим браком на Оксилии Мнангагве. От этого брака имеет троих детей и ещё нескольких от предыдущих браков ^[23] . Оксилия — член руководства правящей партии, активный политик ZANU ^[24] . Сын Эммерсон Мнангагва-младший — один из руководителей молодёжной организации ZANU.

• (при вступлении в должность президента Зимбабве 24 ноября 2017 года).
• Медаль освобождения.
• .
• Награда освобождения.

• In Zimbabwe, during a speech by the president at the stadium, an explosion
• Attempted President of Zimbabwe Immediately after Speech at Stadium
• Biography on cidob