Mark Moiseevich Tsehnovitser (1890-1945) - Soviet microbiologist and immunologist, academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR (since 1944) [1] .
| Mark Moiseevich Tsehnovitser | |
|---|---|
| Date of Birth | 1890 |
| Place of Birth | Stary Oskol , Kursk Province , Russian Empire |
| Date of death | May 13, 1945 |
| Place of death | Moscow , USSR |
| Scientific field | microbiology |
| Place of work | Kharkov Bacteriological Institute, 1st Kharkov Medical Institute, Center. state scientific control institute |
| Alma mater | Kharkov University |
| Academic degree | Doctor of Medical Sciences |
| Academic rank | Academician of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences |
Content
Biography
Tsehnovitser was born in Stary Oskol (modern Belgorod region ). He studied at the natural (1913) and medical (1915) faculties of Kharkov University . In 1911 he got a job at the Kharkov Bacteriological Institute (in 1932 he became the director), at the same time since 1923 he worked at the Tuberculosis Institute, the Kharkov Institute for Advanced Medical Studies (in 1930 he received the title of professor and headed the department of microbiology), the First Kharkov Medical Institute ( since 1935). In 1935-1938 he led the control department of bacterial preparations of the People's Commissariat of Health of the Ukrainian SSR . In 1942, he began working at the Central State Scientific and Control Institute, Moscow , and two years later became a member of the Bureau of the Department of Hygiene, Microbiology and Epidemiology of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR [2] .
Scientific activity
Most scientific papers relate to the study of tuberculosis , infectious diseases in children, cerebrospinal meningitis , rickettsioses , typhus, and wound infections. He was engaged in research of anaerobic bacteria , pathogens of malaria , syphilis , rabies. He studied the problems of the immune system. He proved that live tuberculosis vaccine is not dangerous and helps to develop immunity. He worked on the invention of dry BCG vaccine, therapeutic and prophylactic anaerobic sera, and developed a method for their release. In his works, Ciechnovice made a number of important scientific conclusions, in particular: tuberculosis allergy is a frequent case of infectious allergies and has common symptoms with anaphylaxis , serum diseases; tuberculous allergens are not identical with tuberculous toxins, etc. [3]
Tsehnovitser - member of the Presidium of the Scientific Council of the People's Commissar of the USSR , Deputy Chairman of the All-Union Society of Microbiologists, Epidemiologists and Infectious Diseases, member of the All-Union Commission on BCG.
He is the author of more than 80 scientific papers, in particular, “Calmette BCG Tuberculosis Vaccination with Culture” (1925), “The Relationship of Infectious Processes and Infectious Allergies” (1938).
Notes
- ↑ TSEKHNOVITSER Mark Moiseevich // Big Medical Encyclopedia, 3rd edition
- ↑ Ukrainian Soviet Encyclopedia : in 12 volumes = Ukrainian Radian Encyclopedia (Ukrainian) / Ed. M. Bazhan . - 2nd view. - K .: Goal. Editorial URE, 1974-1985.
- ↑ I. Y. Kuchma, T. M. Moiseynko. Allergy and protective tuberculosis in the hands of M. M. Tsehnovitser // Annals of the Mechnikovsky Institute. - 2014. - No. 3 . - S. 60-65 .
Literature
- Encyclopedia of Ukrainian studies / V. Kubіyovich . - Paris; New York: Young Life, 1954-1989. (Ukrainian)
- Biologists / T.P. Babiy et al. - Kiev: The Science Dumka, 1984