Tsvetkov, Lev Nikolaevich

He graduated from Moscow University (1904), worked in Yaroslavl and Vyazma , since 1907 - in Minsk , a teacher (probably German or French) of the Commercial, and later - Polytechnic School .

In 1912-1913 he edited the daily newspaper of the All-Russian National Union “ Minsk Russian Word ”. In 1917 - a teacher at the Minsk Theological College . In 1920, a teacher of the Political Enlightenment of the 16th Army , streamlined the library at the Minsk Archive . In 1922 he worked at the 5th Soviet school in Minsk. At the same time, as an expert on Slavic philology, he was invited to work at the Faculty of Education of BSU .

On October 1, 1922 he was approved as a librarian in the cabinet of arts and literature at the pedagogical faculty of BSU. In the 1922/1923 academic year, he taught at the 1st and 2nd courses of the ethnological-linguistic department of the discipline "Introduction to Linguistics" and " Old Slavonic Language ". Later he taught comparative linguistics and Slavic languages .

Until the end of the 1926/1927 academic year, he held the post of assistant in the department of comparative linguistics at the pedagogical faculty, since 1927 he was an assistant professor, but at the end of the year he was forced to leave the university. In 1929, he was dismissed from the Belarusian Academy of Sciences .

In the 1930s, he worked as a teacher in the village of Nadva, Rudnyansky district, Smolensk region . Arrested on September 27, 1937. Sentenced on November 17, 1937, by a commission of the NKVD and the USSR prosecutor’s office for “espionage” and “anti-Soviet agitation.” ^[1] Shot on November 28, 1937 in Smolensk .

Leo Tsvetkov joined Yazep Lesik’s proposal to refuse the disimilation yakation introduced by Bronislav Tarashkevich in the second syllable before the accent. Negatively related to the proposal of Joseph Lesik to cancel the designation of assimilation softness, because it contradicted the "spirit of our spelling" ^[2] . He approved the introduction of haggling in foreign words, believed that in order to avoid possible homonymy (for example, “ontolegia” is part of metaphysics, and “antalegia” is a collection of lyric works), neologisms like “isnasloe” can be created) ^[2] . He allowed the use of the Serbian letter in the Belarusian graphic for the fused sound “ d ” of the Serbian letter, and for the sound “ dz ” of the Cyrillic letter “ zelo ” ()) - Nensa , яyakavats , sussy .

When covering the issue of transferring own names of foreign origin, Lev Tsvetkov considered it necessary to take care of the accuracy in transcription of foreign sounds, and not to adopt other people's spellings; he sought to achieve the greatest accuracy that is only possible when using the signs of the Belarusian alphabet ^[3] . Leo Tsvetkov advocated:

• use of the letter “ ґ ” to transmit the Latin “ g ” ( Gamer , Hesiyod , Garatsy , Gary , but Kordy , Arygent , Verґіlіy );
• transmission of Italian “ ch ” through “ k ”, Spanish and English through “ h ”, German, Czech and Polish - through “ x ”, French - through “ sh ”;
• transmission of deaf English “ th ” through “ s ”, voiced - through “ z ”;
• transfer of the English bilobial “ w ” through ў (non-syllable) to distinguish “w” from “ u ”;
• transfer of Spanish “ ñ ”, French and Italian “ gn ” to Belarusian soft “ n ”;
• transfer of Spanish “ ll ”, Italian “ gl ”, Serbian “ љ ” to Belarusian soft “ l ”;
• the transmission of the Spanish “ j ” (hots), as well as “g” in front of the vowels in the front row through “x”;
• the transmission of the Spanish “ b ” and “u” between vowels through “in” ( Ibáñez - Ivanes );
• the transmission of double consonants only in the position after the stress ( Schlosser , Schiller , but Shamiso , Ruso ) and only in the names of people (not in geographical names);
• the transfer of Polish r ( rz ) through "g" (and next to the deaf consonant - through "w") and the Czech "r" through "rzh" and "rsh";
• the transmission of the ancient Greek “ ζ ” (zetas) through “z” rather than “dz”;
• transmission in the position between the vowels of the Greek and Spanish “s” through “s” ( Mendoza , Pisa , Lisandr , Eliseyskі pali );
• the cancellation of “dzekaniye”, “keksaniye” and “rekaniye” in Russian personal names ( Bryulok , Bryusak , Tihanaў , Dedyulin );
• the abolition of "yakan" in Russian personal names ( Leskoў , Merezhkoўskі );
• the abolition of “dzekaniya” during the transfer of the French “u” and the German “ ü ” after “ d ”, “ t ” ( Duran , Dühring , Turliupen );
• transfer of the German “ ö ” through “ ё ” only after “g”, “k”; in other cases, through "e";
• transmission of English “ a ” in a strong position through “hey” (sometimes before “ l ” and “w” - through “ o ”);
• transmission of German diphthongs “ eu ”, “ äu ” through “oh”, diphthong “ au ” - through “aў”;
• the transfer of “okanya” in non-Belarusian and non-Russian personal names ( Ogonoski , Doroshenko , Serbian. Popovich , Bulgarian. Popoў ).

• Ratings to: Ya. Lesik. Grammarka Belarusian Mova. Phonetic // Asvet. 1926. No. 3. P. 175-177.
• Ab of some specific tortures of the Belarusian law and the law of revolution // Asvet. 1926. No. 4. P. 140—144
• Yes, the torture of abreviation of law (Programma minimum setting of syamyogodki) // Asveta. 1926. No 7. P. 90—92
• Ratings to: Ya. Lesik. Syntax belarusian mova. Mensk, 1926 // Asvet. 1926. No. 8. P. 118-119
• Our salyalstva, Iago pryyatselі th thieves ў lіtaraturnym adbіtsіtsі. (Lynxes of the people on the Belarusian glebe ў creative hours Syracomlі) // Maladnyak. 1926. No. 12. P. 122-137.
• Ratings on: Practical Belarusian vayskoye wordlist. Part 1 (race-Belarusian). Mensk, 1927 // Polymya 1927. No. 6. P. 216–219.
• Nekalkі slo мен ab menskіh Tatars // Our land. 1927. No. 6-7. S. 10-16.
• Jan Chachot (1797-1847) // Savetskaya Belarus. 1927.24.
• Uvagі move fіlёmataў. Mensk, 1927.13 p.
• A few words about the Belarusian element ў Polish language // Praca Akademicheskaya konferentsі pa reforma belaruskogo pravapisu izpuku i azbukі. Mensk, 1927.S. 403-417.
• Some lynxes іnshaslavyanskiy fanetyki ў Belarusian lexical materials // Zapisky addzelu gumanitarnyh navuk. Prince 2. Fraces T. 1. 1928.S. 45-85.
• Yanka Kupala yak peraladchyk // Yanka Kupala ў Litaraturnay roofs. Mensk, 1928.P. 142-176.
• Racenziya on RBS-1928 Nekrashevicha-Baikova // Polymya. 1928. No 5. C. 165—167
• Uvag ab pravpіse i skllenenny alien foreign satin іmennya мен at the Belarusian Movement // Polymya. 1928. No 9. P. 199—216
• Tavilstva filimataў (Nekatoria tsikavaya lynx ab'yadnannya maladnyh pismennіkaў at Vilnі, most of which I’ve got an epoch for steel) // Maladnyak. - 1927. - No. 1-2. - S. 60-70; 76-88.

• Linguistics of the 1920s: terminology, lexicography, law, pharmacy, language and language. ARCHE 2010, No. 11.
• Tsykhun G. A. Z. History of Belarus Slavic: Leў Tsvyatko and Iago Belarussian-Inshaslavyansk studies // Belarusian and other Slavic languages: semantics and pragmatics. Mn., BSU, 2002.S. 165-171.