Fawn stingray [1] ( Latin: Bathyraja pallida ) is a species of cartilaginous fish of the genus of deep-water stingrays of the Arhynchobatidae family of the stingrays . They live in the north-eastern part of the Atlantic Ocean . They are found at a depth of up to 2952 m. Their large, flattened pectoral fins form a rounded disk with a triangular snout. The maximum recorded length is 162 cm. Eggs are laid. The diet of juveniles consists mainly of crustaceans and polychaete worms . Not of interest for commercial fishing [2] [3] [4] .
| Fawn slope |
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| Scientific classification |
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| No rank : | Bilateral symmetric |
| Family: | One-Feathered Rays |
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| International Scientific Name |
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Bathyraja pallida ( Forster , 1967) |
| Synonyms |
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- Breviraja pallida Forster, 1967
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| Security status |
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Least concernIUCN 3.1 Least Concern : 63115 |
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Content
The species was first scientifically described in 1967 as Breviraja pallida [5] . The specific epithet comes from the word lat. pale - "pale." Externally and morphologically, pale yellow slopes are close to Richardson's slopes , the ranges of these species overlap each other [3] .
These stingrays inhabit the northeastern part of the Atlantic Ocean from the Mid-Atlantic Range to the Bay of Biscay in the waters of France , Guernsey , Ireland , Jersey and Great Britain . They are found at a depth of 1879 to 2952 m (an average of 2523 m) [3] .
The broad and flat pectoral fins of these slopes form a rhombic disk with a wide triangular snout and rounded edges. On the ventral side of the disc are 5 gill slits, nostrils and mouth. There are lateral folds on the tail. These skates have 2 reduced dorsal fins and a reduced caudal fin [2] . The maximum recorded length is 162 cm [3] . The width of the disk is on average 65.9% of the length of the body, and the length is 57.4%. The distance from the tip of the snout to the eyes is 16.2%, to the mouth - 15.9%, to the nostrils - 12%. The interorbital distance is 5.6%, the length of the sprinkler is 2.9%, the width of the mouth is 9.9%, the snout forms an angle of about 81 °. Along the spine on the dorsal surface of the disk lies a series of 16-19 median spines. Between the dorsal fins there are up to 2 spines. In the mouth there are 24-31 upper and 22-35 lower dentitions. In adult stingrays, the disc is wider relative to body length compared to young animals. The color of the dorsal surface of the disc is monophonic, without markings, gray or grayish-brown. Juveniles are painted in darker colors. On the ventral surface along the midline of the body there are white spots of irregular shape. The same spots occur around the mouth, nostrils, gill region, anus, at the base of the tail and on the upper lobe of the ventral fins. In addition, in males, the apex and inner surface of pterigopodia are colored white [6] .
Embryos feed exclusively on yolk . These stingrays lay eggs enclosed in an elongated horn capsule with hard "horns" at the ends. The length of the capsule, taking into account the "horns", is about 50 cm, excluding 30 cm, and the width is 12-15 cm. The diet of juveniles consists mainly of polychaetes, isopods , amphipods, and copepods [3] .
These ramps are not the target fishing target. Potentially, by-catch can be found in gillnets and longlines in the course of fishing for European honeysuckle , trout and less . The International Union for Conservation of Nature has assigned this species a conservation status of “Least Concerns” [3] .
- ↑ Reshetnikov Yu. S. , Kotlyar A. N. , Russ T. S. , Shatunovsky M. I. Pyatiazychny dictionary of animal names. Fish. Latin, Russian, English, German, French. / edited by Acad. V.E. Sokolova . - M .: Rus. Yaz., 1989 .-- P. 41 .-- 12,500 copies. - ISBN 5-200-00237-0 .
- ↑ 1 2 Froese, Rainer, and Daniel Pauly, eds. Family Anacanthobatidae - Smooth skates (neopr.) . FishBase (2014).
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 Bathyraja pallida . The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species .
- ↑ Fawn slope in the FishBase database.
- ↑ Forster, GR A new deep-sea ray from the Bay of Biscay // Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom. - 1897. - Vol. 47, No. (2) . - P. 281-286.
- ↑ Orlov A.M., Cotton Ch.F. New data on the rare deep-water North Atlantic slope Bathyraja pallida (Arynchobatidae, Rajiformes) (Russian) // Issues of ichthyology. - 2013.- T. 53 , No. (4) . - S. 289-404 .
- View Fawn stingray (English) in the World Register of Marine Species .
