The political system of Ireland

The head of state is the President ( Irl. Uachtarán na hÉireann ). Formally, the President is one of the three parts of the Irish Parliament , which also includes Doyle Ehren (lower house) and Senad Ehren (upper house). Unlike most parliamentary states, the President is not even the nominal head of the executive branch. Rather, executive power rests with the Government . However, it must inform the President of its decisions in the field of domestic and foreign policy of Ireland. The powers of the President are clearly defined in the Constitution of Ireland, and he exercises some of his powers after obligatory consultations with the Government.

Often, the Presidential Commission is called the collegiate vice president, due to the lack of a vice president in Ireland. If for any reason the President is unable to fulfill his functions or if the office of the President is vacant, then the duties of the President are performed by the Presidential Commission.

Any citizen of Ireland who has reached the age of 35 may become president. He is elected by secret ballot for a term of 7 years. A candidate may be nominated for President by at least 20 members of Parliament or at least 4 councils of cities or counties. In addition, the current or former President of Ireland, having worked one term, has the right to stand for a second term on his own. If there is only one candidate, no elections are held and he automatically takes office.

Executive power in the country is exercised by the government , which consists of no more than 15 members of the Cabinet of Ministers, including the Prime Minister ( Irl. Taoiseach ) and the Deputy Prime Minister ( Irl. Tánaiste ). The Prime Minister is appointed by the President on the proposal of a lower fee to Parliament. The Cabinet of Ministers is formed by the Prime Minister independently, the ministers chosen by him begin to exercise their powers after the approval of their candidatures by Doyle Ehren and their appointment as President. The House of Representatives can declare a vote of no confidence in the Government, then the Prime Minister resigns or asks the President to announce the dissolution of Doyle Eren, after which elections to the lower house of Parliament are held.

Article 15 of the Irish Constitution proclaimed the earl Oireachtas as the national parliament of Ireland ^{[1]. The} national parliament consists of the President of Ireland and two elected houses: Dáil Éireann (House of Representatives) and Seanad Éireann (Senate). The House of Representatives is today the dominant house of the legislature, because the Constitution entrusts it with a wide range of powers. It consists of 166 deputies, called in Ireland Ottoman Doyle or simply TD ( Ir. Teachta Dála ). The Senate is largely an advisory body. It consists of 60 members called senators. The President can veto bills passed by Parliament, and can also send them to the Supreme Court of Ireland for declaring them inconsistent with the Constitution ^[2] .

The judicial system in Ireland is built on common law ^[3] and includes the Anglo-American legal system . The judicial system consists of the Supreme Court, the High Court and other lower courts. Judges are appointed by the President after they are nominated for the post of judge by the Government and can only be removed from office for defamatory behavior of the judge or because of their incapacity, even then permission from both chambers of the Parliament is required. The highest court in Ireland is the board of appeals of the Supreme Court, which consists of the chief judge, seven judges, and by office, the panel also includes the President of the Supreme Court. The Supreme Court rarely considers cases in full force and, as a rule, cases are heard in collegia of three, five or seven judges.

Ireland's current foreign policy is largely due to its membership in the European Union , although bilateral relations with the United States and the United Kingdom are also important for the country. Ireland seeks independence in foreign policy, therefore it is not a member of NATO and pursues a policy of military neutrality , although since 1958 its troops have been participating in UN peacekeeping operations ^[4] .

Ireland became a member of the UN in 1955 ^[5] . The Republic is also a member of the Bank for International Settlements , the European Investment Bank , the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development , the Council of Great Britain - Ireland , the Council of Europe , the Celtic League , the European Union, the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe , the Economic and Monetary Union of the European Union , the European Space Agency , FAO , IAEA et al.

Russians who have received an Irish visa should consider one important circumstance. The document does not give the right to enter the republic automatically. The decision on admission or non-admission of a foreigner is made by the representative of the immigration service.

• British-Irish relations
• Irish Foreign Policy