Ivan Ivanovich Bogdanovich (circa 1800 - December 14, 1825 ) - captain, commander of the 2nd Grenadier Company of the Life Guards of the Izmailovo Regiment . He was admitted to the Northern Society of the Decembrists, participated in the preparation of the uprising on December 14, 1825 , agitated the soldiers of his company to remain loyal to Constantine . After the regiment took the oath to Nikolai Pavlovich , on the same day he committed suicide.
| Ivan Ivanovich Bogdanovich | |
|---|---|
| Date of Birth | about 1800 |
| Date of death | December 14, 1825 |
| Place of death | St. Petersburg |
| Citizenship |  Russian empire |
| Occupation | officer, commander of the 2nd company of the Life Guards Izmailovo Regiment |
Content
Biography
Origin
Nobleman. Not kept instructions about his parents.
By assumption the compilers of the Decembrists' biographical dictionary [1] his father could be Ivan Fedorovich Bogdanovich , later Lieutenant General and Senator [2] [~ 1] .
Another famous one is Ivan Fedorovich Bogdanovich (1758–1831), who served in the guard, and then was the mayor of Sumy and Sumy district nobleman, distinguished by his progressive views on the upbringing of the youth.
It is obvious that noble origin and kinship served as the basis for I. Bogdanovich’s admission to the privileged Page Corps .
Studies and military service
According to the “Regulations on the Corps of Pages” approved by Alexander I in 1802, he became not only a court institution, but had to “ prepare nobles for an officer’s rank and the means for this is discipline and the necessary knowledge of the officer to meet the requirements of military art ” [3] . In 1810, the corps consisted of three page and one chamber-page classes.
Subjects studied include:
humanitarian - God's law, Russian language and literature, foreign languages, history, geography, diplomacy, political economy,
military - tactics, fortification, mines, artillery attack and defense of fortresses and military legal proceedings.
For the execution of the court service, the camera page I. I. Bogdanovich was appointed for duty at the Grand Duchess Catherine Pavlovna with the right to wear a uniform with a yellow collar - the color of the Oldenburg court [4] [~ 2] .
In 1818, he was released from the corps by an ensign in the Life Guards Izmailovsky Regiment, whose chief was Grand Duke Nikolai Pavlovich.
In 1825, Captain I. Bogdanovich commanded the 2nd company of one of the three grenadier battalions of the regiment.
Participation in the Decembrist movement
In 1825, I. I. Bogdanovich was accepted into the Northern Society. On the eve of the uprising, E. P. Obolensky [5] actively cooperated with the circle of the Izmailovsky regiment. By the beginning of the December events there were at least four members of the Northern Society among them, the oldest of which was Captain I. I. Bogdanovich, and several officers supporting them [6] . Later, during the investigation, the arrested officers of the Izmailovsky regiment N. P. Kozhevnikov, A. A. Fock and others confirmed that Captain Bogdanovich “ instructed ” them to resist taking the oath, since “the sovereign 's denial was fictitious ” [7] .
The enthusiasm of officers on the eve of the appointed oath to Nicholas I allowed the leaders of the Decembrist headquarters to count on the active participation of the Izmailovs in the uprising, in which an important role was assigned to the regiment under the command of A.I. Yakubovich on the day of the insurrection together with the Guards crew to seize the Winter Palace and arrest the royal family.
But events began to evolve in a different scenario. Yakubovich's unexpected refusal of the task entrusted to him and the delay in the speech of the Guards crew caused hesitancy among some officers of the Izmailovsky regiment. When the commander of the regiment, Major General Pyotr Martynov, read the text of the oath, Captain Bogdanovich and several guardsmen of his company at the mention of the name of Nicholas I shouted " Konstantin!" ". Nevertheless, the regiment swore allegiance to the new emperor, and the battalions were routed to the barracks.
Returning after taking the oath of his apartment, I. I. Bogdanovich committed suicide.
By order of Nicholas I [~ 3] , who was gathering troops to encircle the rebels, two of the three battalions of the Izmailovsky regiment were put in reserve behind the Preobrazhensky regiment near Senatskaya Square to avoid possible direct contact between unreliable Izmailovsky and the rebels.
Versions of reasons for suicide
The secretary of the investigative committee in the case of the Decembrists, A. D. Borovkov, in his “ Alphabet ” noted only the fact of Bogdanovich’s suicide: “ He deprived himself of life after failure on December 14 ”.
In the brief official biographical note of O. R. Freiman, it appears: “ Bogdanovich, who discovered his part in the conspiracy, ran to his apartment and shot himself ” [8] .
A. S. Gangeblov , who served in the Izmailovsky regiment, is also a graduate of the Page Corps, who was with Bogdanovich in one officer’s artel and was struck by the news of a friend’s suicide, explained his act as “ painful, one can say impressionability ”, and when his “ outbreak was called adultery ... conscience raised a storm in his mind, and his suspiciousness completed the rest ” [9] .
A.Ye. Rosen wrote in “Notes of the Decembrist” about the missed opportunities of the insurgents [10] :
“ However, the success of the intended enterprise was possible if we took all the circumstances into account. Two thousand soldiers and ten times more people were willing to do anything as the chief would say ... It was not difficult to lure L.Gv. Izmailovsky regiment, in which there were many initiated into secret societies. That same night, Captain Bogdanovich took the life with a razor, reproaching himself for not contributing . ”
From the point of view of the historian A. Ya. Gordin [5]
" Bogdanovich tried to help - during the oath he shouted the name of Constantine, but he did not dare to fail and appeal to the soldiers calling for an uprising, to break the oath, as it was done in the Moscow regiment ... for fear of punishment ... Most likely, he understood what opportunity he had missed, understood that his determination could change the result of the uprising ... And he did not forgive himself for weakness . "
- Comments
- ↑ Both Lieutenant General Ivan Fedorovich Bogdanovich (1784–1840) and Major General Ivan Fedorovich Bogdanovich (1782–1833), who were 16-18 years old by the time of his birth I. Bogdanovich, could hardly be related to fatherhood , since during the period of service an officer of the Russian army could marry only with the permission of his superiors upon reaching a certain age, so that nothing would interfere with his military career. Peter I, by decree of March 23, 1714, set the marriage age at 20 years for the suitors, and later, by order of the Minister of War dated January 6, 1867, he was even increased to 23 years.
- ↑ I. I. Bogdanovich was listed as a camera page of Yekaterina Pavlovna and after 1816, when she lived in Stuttgart
- ↑ The new emperor was in the square in the uniform of the Izmailovsky regiment.
Sources
- ↑ Decembrists. Biographical reference book / Edited by M. V. Nechkina. - M .: Science, 1988. - pp. 25—26, 227. - 448 p. - 50 000 copies
- List of generals' ranks of the Russian imperial army and navy
- ↑ Russian officer corps. Preparation and training. Page Corps
- ↑ Materials for the history of his imperial Majesty's corpus. 1711-1875. - Kiev, 1876. - 260 p. - p. 47.
- ↑ 1 2 Gordin A. Ya. Mutiny of Reformers. Book 2. The tragedy of the rebellion: December 14, 1825 - St. Petersburg: Pushkin Foundation, 2013. - 224 p. - ISBN 5-89803-151-0 .
- ↑ Nechkina M.V. The Decembrist Movement. T. 2 - M .: AN SSSR, 1955. - 508 p. - p. 478.
- ↑ Decembrist uprising. T. XV - M .: Science, 1979. - 350 p.
- ↑ Pages for 185 years: biographies and portraits of former pages from 1711 to 1896
- ↑ Memories of the Decembrist Alexander Semenovich Gangeblova - M .: University Printing House, 1888
- ↑ From A. Decembrist's Notes of the Decembrist - // in the book: December 14, 1825. Memoirs of eyewitnesses - SPb .: Academic project, 1999. - p. 309-310. - ISBN 5-7331-0052-4 .
Literatures
- N.Ya. Eidelman. Big Zhanno: A Tale of Ivan Pushchin - Moscow: Politizdat, 1982. - 366 pp .:
“ Ryleev had 7-8 Izmailovsky second lieutenants and only one captain, Ivan Ivanovich Bogdanovich. On the next day, perhaps on the 11th, both brothers of Puschina descended on Bogdanovich, who also understood it all at once. I ignited, hugged Mikhail and me - I swore that I vouch for my company that they are true to Constantine and will stand on that . ”