The ghetto in Druya (summer 1941 - June 12, 1942 ) is a Jewish ghetto , a place of forced resettlement of Jews in the city of Druya, Braslav district of the Vitebsk region and nearby settlements during the persecution and extermination of Jews during the occupation of Belarus by Nazi Germany during World War II .
| Ghetto in Drui | |
|---|---|
 Druya on the list of Jewish communities destroyed during the Holocaust in the Valley of Destroyed Communities at the Yad Vashem Museum | |
| Location | Druya Braslavsky district Vitebsk region |
| Period of existence | summer 1941 - June 12, 1942 |
Content
The occupation of Drui and the creation of the ghetto
The occupation of Drui by German troops continued until July 6, 1944 [1] .
After the occupation in 1941, the Germans, implementing a Nazi program of extermination of Jews , organized a ghetto in the town [2] .
Ghetto Conditions
The first year the Germans left the Jews to live in their place, threatening them with death, obliging them to wear stripes with the letter “i” on their clothes [4] .
Jews were used in forced labor and were robbed openly with impunity [4] .
Ghetto Destruction
At the end of 1941 (in March 1942 [5], Jews were driven into a closed ghetto near the right bank of the Druyka River near the synagogue. The ghetto was not fenced, but Jews were forbidden to go beyond its borders [4] .
June 11, 1942, one of the nights arrived trucks with punishers. On June 11-12, 1942, during the “action” (the Nazis called the massacres organized by them), 1318 Jews were killed and only a few people were saved (including Eusei Toitz) [2] [5] .
During the shootings, the prisoners resisted and set fire to the ghetto in various places [2] [4] [6] .
During the destruction of the ghetto, the famous Druya synagogue burned down [4] .
In July 1942, the Gebitsomissar ordered the resettlement of the surviving Jews from Druya, Miior, Sharkovshchina, Braslav, Germanovich and other 35 cities and towns to the Glubokoe Ghetto , assuring that from now on the Jews should not be afraid, because they would no longer be killed and guarantee life. The Nazi lies worked, and part of the Jews hiding in the district who died of hunger, disease, and persecution gathered in the Glubokoe ghetto, where everyone was killed [7] [8] .
Memory
At the site of the execution of the Drujian Jews in 2001, a monument was erected with the money collected by people from this place [9] [4] .
In total, about 2,200 Jews were killed in Drui [2] .
Sources
- ↑ "Memory. Braslaўsky rayan. ", 1998 , p. 416.
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 Druya - article from the Russian Jewish Encyclopedia
- ↑ Jews of Braslav
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 “Memory. Braslaўsky rayan. ", 1998 , p. 389-390.
- ↑ 1 2 Handbook of places of detention, 2001 , p. 22.
- ↑ Department of Archives and Records Management of the Vitebsk Regional Executive Committee. They survived and won: archives testify. , Vitebsk, 2005, p. 9, ISBN 985-6733-11-1
- ↑ D. Bernikovich. The list of victims in the ghetto is supplemented
- ↑ Murder of Jews in Glubokoye and elsewhere (Dolginovo, Krivichi) (inaccessible link)
- ↑ A. Schulman. In the land of blue lakes , Mishpoha magazine No. 23
Literature
- K.V. Velichkovich, P.R. Kazloўski i insh. (redcal.); K. S. Shydloўski. (way.). “Memory. Braslaўsky rayan. " Gistoryka-documentary chronicle of garadoў and raѐnaў Belarus .. - Mn. : "Paligrafafarmlenne", 1998. - 710 p. - ISBN 985-6351-03-0 . (belor.)
- National Archives of the Republic of Belarus (NARB):
- fund 370, inventory 1, file 483, sheet 15;
- fund 845, inventory 1, file 56, sheets 39-48;
- fund 845, inventory 1, file 64, sheet 25;
- fund 861, inventory 1, file 13, sheet 85;
- Adamushko V.I., Biryukova O.V., Kryuk V.P., Kudryakova G.A. Directory of places of forced detention of civilians in the occupied territory of Belarus 1941-1944. - Mn. : National Archive of the Republic of Belarus, State Committee for Archives and Record Keeping of the Republic of Belarus, 2001. - 158 p. - 2000 copies. - ISBN 985-6372-19-4 .
- Druya - an article from the Russian Jewish Encyclopedia ;
Further reading
- Smilovitsky L. L. The catastrophe of the Jews in Belarus, 1941-1944 . - Tel Aviv: Matthew Black Library, 2000 .-- 432 p. - ISBN 965-7094-24-0 .
- Yitzhak Arad . The extermination of the Jews of the USSR during the years of German occupation (1941-1944). Compilation of documents and materials, Jerusalem, Yad Vashem Publishing House , 1991, ISBN 9653080105
- Chernoglazova R. A., Kheer H. The tragedy of the Jews of Belarus in 1941-1944: a collection of materials and documents. - Ed. 2nd, rev. and more .. - Mn. : E. S. Halperin, 1997 .-- 398 p. - 1000 copies. - ISBN 985627902X .
See also
- Ghetto in the Braslav region
- Jewish ghetto uprisings
- Jewish resistance during the Holocaust