Tatyana Nikolaevna Nikolskaya ( August 14, 1919 , Samara , RSFSR - October 8, 2001 , Moscow ) - Soviet and Russian archaeologist, candidate of historical sciences , employee of the Institute of Archeology of the USSR Academy of Sciences .
| Tatyana Nikolaevna Nikolskaya | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Date of Birth | August 14, 1919 |
| Place of Birth | Samara Soviet Russia |
| Date of death | October 8, 2001 (82 years old) |
| Place of death | Moscow , Russia |
| A country |  USSR →  Russia |
| Scientific field | archeology |
| Place of work | Institute of the History of Material Culture |
| Alma mater | Moscow State University |
| Academic degree | Candidate of Historical Sciences |
| Known as | archaeologist, researcher of ancient settlements of the Upper Oka and Don basin |
Biography
Born in a family of theater workers. She graduated from high school in the village of Malakhovka, Moscow Region, where the family lived since 1928. In 1941 she graduated from the History Department of Moscow State University. M.V. Lomonosov . After graduating from the University of Distribution, she left for Syktyvkar , where she worked as a researcher in the museum of local lore. Then she headed the department of archeology of this museum. In 1946 she graduated from the graduate school of the Institute of the History of Material Culture and worked as an employee of this institute until retiring in 1989 [1] .
Scientific activity
She defended her thesis in 1947 on the subject “Mounds of the Upper Volga Region of the X — XIII centuries.” Since 1940, she was a member (still a student) of archaeological expeditions in the Moscow and Novgorod regions. And since 1948, it conducted independent excavations in the Novgorod , Kaluga, Kursk, and Oryol regions. Archeological activity is closely connected with the Oryol Regional Museum of Local Lore . The main scientific specialization is aimed at the study of ancient Russian archaeological sites of the Oka basin in the Oryol region . The originality of the Upper Oka monuments made it possible to separate them into a separate group. She compared the data from excavations of settlements of the Eastern Slavs with various annals of Oka tribes.
In 1952-1953, she excavated the hillfort and mounds near the village of Shuklinka near modern Kursk . Since 1959, she excavated the hillfort Kudeyarova Gora and Lysaya Gora in the Kursk region . In subsequent years, she was engaged in a fundamental study of the archaeological sites of the Oka basin. Famous excavations of hillforts and mounds: Serensk, Kaluga Region , Slobodka on the Navle River (the alleged city of Boldyzh), Kromy , Vorotyntsevo (the alleged city of Vorotynsk ), Novosilskoye , Mtsenskoye , Sinyukovo (on the Chern River) of the Tula Region, near the village of Gat, Orel Region, Svinukhovo, Borilovo (Bolkhovsky district) and many others. [1] . In the Oryol region alone, in the 1950s, 49 archeological monuments were examined [2] .
Some well-known works of T. N. Nikolskaya: “Settlement Slobodka of the XII — XIII centuries. On the History of Old Russian Urban Planning in the Vyatichi Land "," Vyatichi Land. On the history of the population of the basin of the upper and middle Oka in the 9th-13th centuries. ” Work "Culture of the tribes of the upper Oka basin in the I millennium BC. e. ”is still the main one in the history of Upper Oka culture. The result of the work was the classification of architectural monuments, their unification into chronological groups, the time of the emergence of hillforts and settlements, a detailed description of the mounds, it was possible to show the original culture of the tribes of the Upper Oka basin and to conclude that the culture of the Upper Oka tribes is closer to the culture of the tribes of the ancient balts of the Upper Dnieper basin than Finno-Ugric Finns [3] . Surveys of fortifications showed that in the XII-XIII centuries. on Vyatichsky land, the material and spiritual culture of the population flourishes, associated with the development of arable farming , crafts, and trade [2] .
Major works
Monographs
- Nikolskaya T. N. Settlement of the settlement of the 12th-13th centuries: On the history of Old Russian urban planning in the land of Vyatichi. - M .: Nauka , 1987 .-- 187 p.
- Nikolskaya T. N. Vyatichi Land: On the History of the Population of the Upper and Middle Oka Basin in the 9th — 13th Centuries - M .: Nauka, 1981. - 296 p.
- Nikolskaya T. N. Culture of the tribes of the Upper Oka basin in the I millennium BC e. / Materials and research on archeology of the USSR. Volume 72. - M.-L.: USSR Academy of Sciences, 1959. - 150 p.
Articles in CSIIMC / CSIA
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Articles in other editions
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Notes
- ↑ 1 2 S. Shchavelov. Historians of the Kursk Territory. Biographical Dictionary. Kursk. 2009. ISBN 978-5-7487-1311-5
- ↑ 1 2 Krasnoshchekova S. D., Krasnitsky L. N. Local history notes. Archeology of the Oryol region. (Issue 5) / Response. V.V. Titova. - Eagle: Spring Water , 2006 .-- 320 p. - ISBN 5-87295-000-0 .
- ↑ Nikolskaya T.N. Culture of the tribes of the Upper Oka basin in the first millennium A.D. e .. - M .: Academy of Sciences of the USSR , 1959.
Literature
- Nikolskaya Tatyana Nikolaevna (1919-2001) // Kursk Encyclopedia
- Scientific reports of the Institute staff // Institute of Archeology RAS
- Nedelin V.M. Ancient cities of the Oryol land. XII-XVIII centuries. Story. Architecture. Life and life / response. A.I. Lysenko. - Eagle: Spring Water , 2012 .-- 561 p. - ISBN 978-5-87295-280-0 .
- Mayorov A.A. History of Oryol. Slavic history from ancient times to the end of the XVII century. - Eagle: “Cartouche”, 2013. - 376 p. - ISBN ISBN 978-5-9708-0381-3 .
- Yushko A.A. In memory of Tatyana Nikolaevna Nikolskaya (1919-2001) // Russian Archeology. - 2002. - No. 2. - S. 192.