Tugarinov, Vasily Petrovich

Born in the village of Berezovets of the Ostashkovsky district, in the family of a priest and a rural teacher. He graduated from the Ostashkov Theological College and 4 classes of the Tver Theological Seminary, thanks to which he brilliantly knew the Latin language. ^[1] According to the memoirs of Professor G. L. Tulchinsky , Tugarinov experienced a worldview crisis and "renounced God" ^[2]

In 1917 he studied at the Faculty of Natural Sciences of Moscow State University , but interrupted classes. In 1917-1918 he worked as a teacher in the Petrovshchina volost primary school of the Ostashkovsky district.

In 1925 he graduated from the social-pedagogical department of Moscow State University with a degree in history and philosophy.

In 1936 - graduate school of the Communist Academy .

From 1935 to October 1937 - Vice - Rector for Academic Affairs and Head of the Department of Philosophy of the Kalinin Regional Soviet Party School.

In November 1937, expelled from the CPSU (b) .

Since 1938 - a teacher of the Russian language and literature in an incomplete secondary school for adults No. 3 of the Novopromyshlenny district, then in secondary school No. 10 Kalinina.

In February 1939 he was reinstated in the CPSU (b). He worked as a full-time lecturer of the Kalinin City Committee of the CPSU (b).

During the war (1941-1945) - Director of a secondary school in the Chelyabinsk region .

From September 1939 to 1948 he worked at the Kalinin State Pedagogical Institute.

In 1951, at the Institute of Philosophy of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR defended his doctoral dissertation “Dialectical materialism on the law and laws” (Monograph: “The laws of the objective world, their knowledge and use” ^[3] ). Since 1951 - Dean of the Faculty of Philosophy , since 1960 - Head of the Department of Dialectical and Historical Materialism of Leningrad State University . He was relieved of these posts for the creation by students of the faculty of the True Communist Party. ^[one]

He was awarded the second prize of LSU for the book "Laws of the objective world, their knowledge and use."

He was buried in the village of Zaluchye, Ostashkovsky District .

A feature of Tugarinov’s philosophy was an intuitive grasp of “nests of concepts,” which were further refined by comparison. The scientist sharply criticized the modern representatives of nominalism - positivists - and affirmed the reality of general concepts. Also in his ontology (as with Plekhanov ), the influence of Spinoza is noticeable .

The main merit of Tugarinov is the revival of ontology in the USSR . He remarked that Marxism is indeed divided into diamat and ismatism . Diamat is usually perceived solely as a method of cognition, i.e., in the vein of epistemology . Meanwhile, for an adequate comprehension of the surrounding world, knowledge of the categories that it divides into three classes is necessary: ​​substantial, attributive and relational, that is, essence, property and relations. For example, nature is essence, consciousness and movement are properties, and law is attitude. Nature is the whole world, which has two forms: external (being) and internal (matter). Matter is a substrate .

In public consciousness, he singled out ideology and social psychology. The public consciousness itself was divided into 4 forms:

• art
• science
• morality
• philosophy .

Considering the category of basis and superstructure, Tugarinov identified three superstructures: social, political and spiritual. At the same time, he notes that the superstructure is broader in meaning than public consciousness.

Tugarinov based the philosophy of values on the materialistic concept of needs (incentives). Need is recognized in interest, the subject of interest is the goal, and the goal is a mental image of value . Tugarinov’s values ​​were divided into three classes: material (for example, food), socio-political (for example, freedom) and spiritual (for example, truth). They can also be existential (in cash, i.e. achieved), target (planned) and normative. The theory of values ​​is for him the foundation of the doctrine of practice.

Daughter - Natalya Vasilievna, son - Victor Vasilievich

• “Scientific notes of the KSPI”, 1946. - V. 10. - Issue. 2. - S. 55-80.
• The laws of nature and society. - M., 1956.
• Correlation of categories of dialectical materialism. L., 1956
• Social being. L., 1958;
• On the values ​​of life and culture. L., 1960
• Personality and society. - M., 1965.
• The theory of values ​​in Marxism. - L., 1968.
• Philosophy of consciousness. - M.: Thought, 1971. - 199 p.
• Foresight and modernity. - L., 1976.
• Nature, civilization, man. L., 1978.
• Selected philosophical works. - L .: Publishing house of the Leningrad University. 1988. —344 p. ISBN 5-288-00012-3

• Gordienko N.S. In memory of V.P. Tugarinov // Tugarin readings. Materials of the scientific session. The Thinkers Series, Issue 1. St. Petersburg: St. Petersburg Philosophical Society , 2000. - P. 21-22.
• Khmyrova-Pruel I. B. The concept of values ​​of V.P. Tugarinov and value problems in Russian sociology (60 - 90s of the XX century) , St. Petersburg, 2002

• Vasily Petrovich Tugarinov - a connoisseur of life and culture