Vinogradova, Evgenia Nikolaevna

Evgenia Nikolaevna Vinogradova was born in Moscow on November 28, 1901 into the family of a railway employee (Nikolay Nikolayevich Vinogradov, 1870-1921) and housewives (Marina V. Vinogradova, 1875-1924).

In 1918 she graduated from the women's gymnasium and in the same year entered the natural department of the Physics and Mathematics Faculty of Moscow University , which she graduated in 1924 with a degree in physical chemistry . In the autumn of 1924 she entered the laboratory of physical chemistry of the Research Chemical and Pharmaceutical Institute (NIHFI) named after S. Ordzhonikidze , where she worked until the end of 1938, first as a research associate, then as a senior research associate.

In 1938, she was approved in the academic degree of Candidate of Chemical Sciences without defending a thesis, on the totality of work. In the same year she received the title of senior researcher. Simultaneously with work at the NIHFI, from 1930, she began working part-time as an assistant at the Department of Physical and Colloidal Chemistry of the Moscow Institute of Chemical Technology (DTI Mendeleev), and in 1939 she transferred to this institute for basic service, where she taught students in physical and colloid chemistry at the Department of Physical and Colloid Chemistry and in theoretical electrochemistry at the Department of Electrical Technology. Vinogradova worked there until September 1941. In 1941 she went to evacuation from Moscow and worked at the Omsk Pedagogical Institute named after M. Gorky as an assistant professor at the Department of Chemistry, where for three years she taught courses and conducted practical work in organic and analytical chemistry.

In July 1944, she returned to Moscow and entered the Central Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion as a senior researcher. In 1945, through a competition, she took the position of associate professor in the Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, where she conducted her research activities until retirement in 1972.

The main direction of scientific activity of E. N. Vinogradova was electrochemical methods of analysis.

NIHFI them. S. Ordzhonikidze

The scientific activity of Evgenia Nikolaevich Vinogradovoy in the period of work in the NIHFI them. S. Ordzhonikidze was due to the theme of the work of the institute. In 1927, she studied the interaction of iodine with starch ^[1] . Vinogradova established that starch has the ability to adsorb molecular iodine, and also studied the kinetics of iodine absorption by starch and the isotherm of the process under various conditions. In the same year, Evgenia Nikolaevna published an article on the topic “Hygroscopic properties of cotton wool and its carbonation products” in German ^[2] . Based on a study of the adsorption isotherms of water on cotton wool and granulosis, it was concluded that granulosis has a greater adsorptive hygroscopicity than cotton, therefore it should be used as a dressing material instead of cotton wool.

During this period, she obtained the author's certificate: “A method for the reverse separation of iodine from coal” ^[3] . The subject of this invention was the design of an electrolyte bath by half reducing the amount of electricity consumed per 1 kg of iodine and, in addition, reducing the time of electrolysis.

MHTI them. D.I. Mendeleev

After moving to the Moscow Institute of Chemical Technology for a permanent job, Evgenia Nikolaevna wrote two articles and received two copyright certificates. All the works of this period were associated with the release of iodine from the wastes of the oil refining industry ^{[4] [5] [6] [7]} .

Moscow State University M. V. Lomonosov

From 1945 to the beginning of the 1950s, Vinogradova worked in the field of ionometry and studied the pH of precipitation of hydroxides of various metals ^[8] . In 1950, she published a handbook entitled “Methods for Determining the Concentration of Hydrogen Ions” ^[9] , intended primarily for students, since there had previously been no such guide for students specializing in the Department of Analytical Chemistry. This manual was known in other countries, since in 1953 it was published in Czechoslovakia. In 1956, a second, revised and updated edition of this textbook was released.

After 1953, on the initiative of I. P. Alimarin, who headed the Department of Analytical Chemistry at the Moscow State University, Evgenia began to work on new methods of analysis - polarography and amalgam polarography with accumulation (stripping voltammetry), which was practically not used in analytical practice at that time. Since 1956, Vinogradov has been actively studying the polarographic behavior of many metals and the possibility of their determination using various electrodes ^[10] . In the late 50s and early 60s, the problem of environmental protection stimulated the rapid development of analytical chemistry and, in particular, electroanalytical chemistry, including polarography. There was a problem of determining ultra-small quantities of a substance in the sample due to the appearance of new materials for semiconductors, it was then that the method of amalgam polarography with accumulation (APN) was proposed (in Russia this method was developed by A. G. Stromberg, a professor of analytical chemistry at Tomsk Pedagogical University). In the modern version, this method is called inversion voltammetry (IVA), the founders of which are Polish scientists V. Kemula and Z. Kublik. And in 1959, under the direction of Evgenia Nikolaevna Vinogradova, G. V. Prokhorov defended his first thesis on the IIA. A year later, Vinogradov publishes the book Methods of Polarographic and Amperometric Analysis ^[11] .

In the sixties, two laboratories of electrochemical methods of analysis were formed at the Department of Chemistry, Moscow State University, at the Department of Analytical Chemistry. One of them was headed by PK K. Agasyan, the research of this laboratory was devoted to coulometric and potentiometric methods of analysis. Another laboratory was headed by E. N. Vinogradova, the main research methods of the laboratory were polarography and amperometry. The investigations of E. N. Vinogradova were mainly devoted to heavy metals and the determination of their ultra-small quantities in high-purity substances by the APS method. Evgenia Nikolaevna also developed new electrodes and approaches for determining ultra-small amounts of metals ^[12] . In her work, she used factor analysis to find the optimal experimental conditions ^[13] . A certain contribution of the work of E. N. Vinogradova was made in the development of hybrid analysis methods. In a recent work, the possibility of oscillo polarographic detection of trace metals using a chromatographic column connected to a flow polarographic cell was shown ^[14] . Also, in some works, she carried out an extraction-polarographic determination of some elements, which significantly increased the sensitivity of the method ^[15] . In recent years, Evgenia Nikolaevna has studied the promise of using organic compounds to solve a number of problems in analytical chemistry. A unique method of simultaneous determination of trace amounts of elements similar in properties, such as Ni and Co, is adsorption IVA using -dioximes, among which dimethylglyoxime takes a special place. In the works of E. N. Vinogradova with the staff, the first reports appeared about its use for the determination of trace amounts of Ni and Co. Studies of catalytic hydrogen currents in the presence of cobalt, nickel, and copper complexes with some nitrogen- and sulfur-containing ligands have been fruitfully developing, and their prospects are promising for determining the trace amounts of these elements in natural and industrial objects. The work of E. N. Vinogradova successfully continues to this day to her students G. V. Prokhorov and A. I. Kamenev.

Evgenia Nikolaevna in 1927 gave birth to a son, Mikhail Evgenievich Vinogradov (1927–2007). Subsequently, she was married to the professor of Moscow Institute of Information and Architecture Alexander Bork (1889-1966).

• Medal commemorating the 800th anniversary of Moscow (October 30, 1948, awarded by the Executive Committee of the Moscow City Council)
• Order of Lenin for impeccable work in the scientific and pedagogical fields for 29 years (October 27, 1953, awarded by the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR)

1. Vinogradova E. N. Methods for determining the concentration of hydrogen ions: [studies. manual for universities]. 2nd ed., Rev. and add. M .: Publishing House of Moscow. University, 1956. 155 p.
2. Methods of polarographic and amperometric analysis / Vinogradova, E. N., Gallai, Z. A., Finogenova, Z. I. M .: Mosk. Un-ta, 1960. 280 p.

• Female chemists. Biographical portrait, contribution to education and science, recognition / Responsible editor: Academician V. V. Lunin. - M .: Janus-K, 2013. - 440 p.

• http://patents.su/1-57913-sposob-vydeleniya-ioda-iz-neftyanykh-vod.html
• http://patents.su/2-55193-ehlektrokhimicheskijj-metod-vosstanovleniya-jjoda.html
• http://patents.su/2-43879-sposob-obratnogo-vydeleniya-jjoda-iz-uglya.html