Hazel Virginia Hotchkiss (married Whiteman , English Hazel Virginia Hotchkiss Wightman ; December 20, 1886 , Hildsburg , California - December 5, 1974 , Chestnut Hill , Massachusetts ) - American tennis player and popularizer of tennis. The 16-time US champion in all categories, the winner of the Wimbledon tournament (1924) in the women's doubles, the Olympic champion in 1924 in the women's and mixed doubles . Hazel Hotchkiss-Whiteman was the founder of the annual Whiteman Cup - a match between the women's teams of the USA and Great Britain - and the first captain of the American team in this competition. Member of the International Tennis Hall of Fame since 1957.
| Hazel Hotchkiss-Whiteman | |
|---|---|
| Player gender | |
| Date of Birth | |
| Place of Birth | Hillsburg , California , USA |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | Chestnut Hill , Massachusetts , USA |
| Citizenship | |
| Working hand | right |
| Singles | |
| Grand Slam Tournaments | |
| Wimbledon | 3rd circle (1924) |
| USA | victory (1909-1911, 1919) |
| Doubles | |
| Grand Slam Tournaments | |
| Wimbledon | victory (1924) |
| USA | victory (1909-1911, 1915, 1924, 1928) |
Biography
Hazel Hotchkiss, a California native, began playing lawn tennis on the courts of the University of California , Berkeley , which she graduated in 1911. [6] Her rivals were at first their own brothers, and then the Sutton sisters ( May , Florence , Violet and Ethel). There, on California fast concrete courts, her playing style was developed, built on risky attacks and regular exits to the net - she was the first woman for whom the net game became the main weapon. Since the rebound on the courts of that time was unpredictable, Hazel tried to play from the air as often as possible, preventing the ball from touching the court [7] .
In 1909, as a student, Hazel first appeared at the US Championship in Philadelphia. Despite the fact that the grassy lawns of the East Coast were unusual for her, Hotchkiss easily beat all her rivals, including the defending champion, 39-year-old Maud Barger Wallach , giving her only one game in the challenge round. The only set for the entire championship she lost to Louise Hammond in the final of the challengers tournament (final score 6-8, 6-1, 6-4). In addition, Hotchkiss became the US champion in the women's and mixed doubles , repeating this triple success also in 1910 and 1911. Throughout the rest of the story, only two women managed to win the US Championship in all three categories for three consecutive years - Mary Brown in 1912-1914 and Alice Marble in 1938-1940 [8] .
In 1912, Hazel married the Boston George Whiteman, after which she did not participate in competitions for several years, having managed to become a mother. She returned to the courts of the US championship only in 1915, at the insistence of her father, and reached the finals in singles, where she lost to Molle BΓΌrstedt , having won, however, the next titles in women's and mixed pairs. In 1919, she became the US champion for the fourth time in singles, as she had ten years before, giving her rivals only one set. In 1915, 1918 and 1919 she was one of the ten strongest tennis players in the United States, in 1919, taking first place in this rating [7] .
Hotchkiss-Whiteman continued to be one of the strongest tennis players in the United States in the future, but focused on playing in pairs. In 1923, she managed to realize her dream by organizing a competition for women's teams, which was to become the female version of the Davis Cup . In the first draw of the new trophy donated by Whiteman herself and given her name, the teams of the USA and Great Britain met, and Hazel was the playing captain of the American team. The match was held at the newly built tennis stadium in the New York area of Forest Hills and ended in a victory for the hostesses. Although the Whiteman Cup did not become an analogue of the Davis Cup and remained an internal affair of the teams of the USA and Great Britain, its draw continued until 1989, when the British team could no longer provide Americans with decent resistance [7] . Whiteman led the US national team in this competition 13 times - for the last time in 1948 [6] .
In parallel with the continuation of performances, Hotchkiss-Whiteman gave free lessons to beginner tennis players. With one of her students, Helen Wills , she won the women's pair tournaments in 1924 at the U.S. Championship, Wimbledon Tournament and the Olympic Games in Paris (in the same place, Whiteman and Richard Norris Williams won the championship in the mixed double). With another student, Sarah Palfrey , Whiteman four times in a row, from 1928 to 1931 she won the indoor doubles championship of the US Championship [8] .
In total, Hazel Hotchkiss-Whiteman won the US Championship 16 times - four in singles and six in the women's and mixed doubles. 19 years passed between her first victory in the national championship and the last won in a pair with Wills in 1928 [6] . Whiteman was also the 17-time U.S. Indoor Champion (twice singles, ten times in the women's and five times in the mixed doubles) and the U.S. mixed clay champion in 1915. She won her last title in national competitions in 1943, at the age of 56, winning the US Indoor Championships paired with Pauline Betz [9] , another of her students. She competed in veteran competitions after 60 years, in total having won 11 US champion titles in them [6] .
In 1940, Helen divorced George Whiteman, who by then had time to give birth to five children [10] . In 1957, the name Hazel Hotchkiss-Whiteman, which tennis historian Bad Collins calls "Lady Tennis" [8] , was included in the lists of the National (later International) Tennis Hall of Fame [6] . She died at the beginning of December 1974 in Massachusetts, having a little lived to 88 years.
Big Four Championship Championship Finals
Singles (4-1)
| Result | Year | Tournament | Rival in the finals | Final Score |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Victory | 1909 | US Championship | Mod Barger Wallach | 6-0, 6-1 |
| Victory | 1910 | U.S. Championship (2) | Louise Hammond | 6-4, 6-2 |
| Victory | 1911 | US Championship (3) | Florence Sutton | 8-10, 6-1, 9-7 |
| Defeat | 1915 | US Championship | Molla BΓΌrstedt | 6-4, 2-6, 0-6 |
| Victory | 1919 | US Championship (4) | Marion Sinderstein | 6-1, 6-2 |
Women's Doubles (7-2)
| Result | Year | Tournament | Partner | Rivals in the finals | Final Score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Victory | 1909 | US Championship | Edith Rothch | Dorothy Green Loise mois | 6-1, 6-1 |
| Victory | 1910 | U.S. Championship (2) | Edith Rothch | Adelaide Browning Edna Wilde | 6-4, 6-4 |
| Victory | 1911 | US Championship (3) | Eleanor Sears | Dorothy Green Florence Sutton | 6-4, 4-6, 6-2 |
| Victory | 1915 | US Championship (4) | Eleanor Sears | J. L. Chapman Helen Homans-Maclean | 10-8, 6-2 |
| Defeat | 1919 | US Championship | Eleanor Sears | Eleanor Goss Marion Sinderstein | 8-10, 7-9 |
| Defeat | 1923 | U.S. Championship (2) | Eleanor Goss | Phyllis Covell Kathleen McCain | 6-2, 2-6, 1-6 |
| Victory | 1924 | Wimbledon Tournament | Helen Wills | Phyllis Covell Kathleen McCain | 6-4, 6-4 |
| Victory | 1924 | US Championship (5) | Helen Wills | Eleanor Goss Marion Sinderstein-Jessup | 6-4, 6-3 |
| Victory | 1928 | US Championship (6) | Helen Wills | Edith Cross Anna McCune | 6-2, 6-2 |
Mixed Doubles (6-2)
| Result | Year | Tournament | Partner | Opponents in the finals | Final Score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Victory | 1909 | US Championship | Wallace Johnson | Louise Hammond Raymond Little | 6-2, 6-0 |
| Victory | 1910 | U.S. Championship (2) | Joseph Carpenter | Edna Wilde Herbert Tilden | 6-2, 6-2 |
| Victory | 1911 | US Championship (3) | Wallace Johnson | Edna Wilde Herbert Tilden | 6-4, 6-4 |
| Victory | 1915 | US Championship (4) | Harry johnson | Molla BΓΌrstedt Irving Wright | 6-0, 6-1 |
| Victory | 1918 | US Championship (5) | Irving Wright | Molla BΓΌrstedt Fred alexander | 6-2, 6-3 |
| Victory | 1920 | US Championship (6) | Wallace Johnson | Molla BΓΌrstedt Craig Biddle | 6-4, 6-3 |
| Defeat | 1926 | US Championship | Rene Lacoste | Elizabeth Ryan Jean Borotra | 4-6, 5-7 |
| Defeat | 1927 | U.S. Championship (2) | Rene Lacoste | Eileen Bennett Henri Kaucher | 2-6, 6-0, 3-6 |
Notes
- β 1 2 Tingay L. 100 years of Wimbledon - London Borough of Enfield : Guinness Superlatives , 1977 .-- P. 216.
- β American National Biography - 1999.
- β http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/643413/Hazel-Hotchkiss-Wightman
- β http://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/wi/hazel-wightman-1.html
- β http://espn.go.com/espnw/athletes-life/blog/post/8993/remembering-lady-tennis
- β 1 2 3 4 5 Biography at the Sat International Hall of Tennis Glory (English)
- β 1 2 3 Collins & Hollander, 1997 , pp. 506-507.
- β 1 2 3 Collins & Hollander, 1997 , p. 506.
- β Collins & Hollander, 1997 , p. 507.
- β Grasso, 2011 , p. 140.
Literature
- Hazel Hotchkiss Wightman // Bud Collins' Tennis Encyclopedia / Bud Collins , Zander Hollander (Eds.). - Detroit, MI: Visible Ink Press, 1997. - P. 506-507. - ISBN 1-57859-000-0 .
- Hotchkiss Wightman, Hazel Virginia // Historical Dictionary of Tennis / John Grasso (Ed.). - Plymouth: Scarecrow Press, 2011 .-- P. 139-140. - ISBN 978-0-8108-7490-9 .
Links
- Biography on the website of the International Tennis Hall of Fame