Johan Huizinga ( niderl. Johan Huizinga [ːɦɑjoːɦɑn ˈɦœyzɪŋɣaː] ; 1872 - 1945 ) is a Dutch philosopher, historian, cultural researcher, professor of Groningen ( 1905 - 1915 ) and Leiden ( 1915 - 1940 ) universities.
Johan Huizinga | |
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Johan huizinga | |
Date of Birth | |
Place of Birth | Groningen |
Date of death | |
Place of death | Arnhem |
A country | |
Scientific field | story |
Place of work | University of Groningen, University of Leiden |
Alma mater | Groningen University |
Academic degree | ( May 28, 1897 ) |
Known as | philosopher, cultural historian |
Awards and prizes | |
Content
Biography
Huizinga was born on December 7, 1872 in Groningen , in the family of a Mennonite priest. He studied the history of Indo-European literature and the general history. In 1897 he defended his thesis on the image of a vidushka in Indian drama. In 1905 he received the position of professor at the University of Groningen, where he taught until 1915 . Then he moved to Leiden University and remained his professor until 1942, when the German occupation authorities banned him from teaching for negative reviews about Nazism and anti-Semitism .
During the Nazi occupation of the Netherlands, the scientist was arrested and imprisoned in a concentration camp from August to October 1942 , after which he was forbidden to live in Leiden . He died on February 1, 1945 near the city of Arnhem in the house of his colleague at the University of Rudolf Clevering .
Proceedings
Huizinga gained world fame through research on the history of the Western European Middle Ages and Renaissance . The most famous works are The Autumn of the Middle Ages ( 1919 ) and Erasmus ( 1924 ). Subsequently, the treatise Homo Ludens (Man Playing, 1938 ) became the most famous piece of Huizinga.
Dr. Anton van der Lem on Huizinga's works
Dutch researcher Johan Huizinga, Dr. Anton van der Lem, speaking of the unrelenting attractiveness of his famous compatriot, points to five of their most significant features:
- Love of history solely for its own sake. In the approach to exploring the past of Huizing, following Jacob Burckhardt , seeks not to “learn the lessons for the future”, but to see the eternal. He does not pursue political, economic or social goals. Many pages of his works are characterized by features of tangible authenticity. Ideological predilections over them have no power.
- Pluralistic understanding of history and the rejection of seductive explanations. History is a living, multifaceted process that could have taken a different course. History has no purpose, no need, no engine, no all-determining principles. Huizinga rejects mono causality when analyzing historical processes. This allows his works to remain persuasive regardless of the current time.
- Gift figurative incarnation of historical events. Huizinga does not accept a positivistic view of history as a process to be rationally explained. The story for Huizinga is not a message, not a story, but a search, investigation.
- The idea of "historical sensation." Huizinga compares the feeling of “historical sensation” with musical experience, or rather comprehension of the world through musical experience.
- Ethical imperative . The historian must remain faithful to the truth, correcting his subjectivity whenever possible. The pursuit of truth is the moral duty of the historian. Huizinga indicates categories such as the seven deadly sins, the four major virtues, or the pursuit of peace and justice, as the standard with which to judge the events of the past.
Huizing History Definition
In the essay "On the definition of the concept of" history "" ( niderl. Over een definitie van het begrip geschiedenis ) Huizinga gives the following definition of history:
History is a spiritual form in which culture is aware of its past.
Original text (Nid.)Geschidenis is de geestelijke vorm, waarin een cultuur zich rekenschap geeft van haar verleden- Over een definitie van het begrip geschiedenis
Huizinga treats the elements of this definition as follows:
- Spiritual form is a broad concept that includes not only science, but also art. Thus, the definition corresponds not only to scientific history, but also to narrative chronicles, historical legends and other forms of historical consciousness that existed and exist in different cultures.
- Culture Under the culture in this context refers to a cultural community, for example, a nation, tribe, state. Culture can be monolithic, and can be divided into different subcultures.
- Unaware . This means that the purpose of studying history (in whatever form they may be expressed - as a chronicle, memoir, scientific research) is to understand and interpret the surrounding reality.
- Its past . According to Huising, each culture has its own past. The past of a particular culture means not only the past of the representatives of the culture themselves, but the general image of the past (one’s own and others’s) that prevails in a given culture. Huizinga believes that each culture will have its own view of the past and will “write history” in its own way. Moreover, within the same culture, different subcultures will have a different history (in the sense of “a different image of history”). As an example, a different interpretation of the history of the Netherlands from the point of view of Protestants and socialists is given. Huizinga considers this situation to be normal, but on the condition that the historian working within his culture should try to follow the truth (the ethical imperative).
Bibliography
- Huizinga J. On historical ideals of life / Trans. with a goal Irina Mikhailova. Ed. Y. Kolker. - London: Overseas Publications Interchange Ltd, 1992. - ISBN 1-870128-44-3 .
- Huizinga Y. Homo Ludens. "The Man Playing": Articles on the history of culture. / Trans., Comp. and entry Art. D.V. Silvestrov ; Comments D. E. Kharitonovich . - M .: Progress-Tradition, 1997. - 416 p. - ISBN 5-89493-010-3 .
- Huizinga Y. Autumn of the Middle Ages / Trans. D.V. Silvestrov . Ed. S. Averintseva . - M .: Science, 1988. - 544 p.: Il. - ( Monuments of historical thought ). - ISBN 5-02-008934-6 .
- Huizinga J. Autumn of the Middle Ages: Investigation of Forms of Life Style and Forms of Thinking in the 14th and 15th Centuries in France and the Netherlands // Works: In 3 volumes = Herfsttij der Middeleeuwen / Trans. with niderl. Comp. and trans. Silvestrova D. V .; Intro. Art. and total ed. Ukolova V.I .; Conclusion Art. and scientific comments Kharitonovich D. E. - M .: Progress-Culture, 1995. - T. 1. - 413 p. - ISBN 5-02-008934-6 .
- Huizinga J. Culture of the Netherlands in the XVII century. Erasmus. Selected letters. Figures / Comp. and trans. D.V. Silvestrov . Comm. D. Kharitonovich. - SPb .: Ivan Limbakh Publishing House , 2009. - ISBN 978-5-89059-128-9 .
- Huizinga Y. Shadows of Tomorrow. Man and culture. Dark World: Essay / Comp., Trans. and foreword D.V. Silvestrov . Comm. D. Kharitonovich. - SPb .: Ivan Limbakh Publishing House , 2010. - ISBN 978-5-89059-127-2 .
- Huizinga Y. Autumn of the Middle Ages / Comp., Trans. and foreword D.V. Silvestrov . Comm. D. Kharitonovich. - SPb .: Ivan Limbakh Publishing House , 2011. - ISBN 978-5-89059-166-1 .
- Huizinga Y. Homo ludens. The man is playing. Comp., Trans. and foreword D.V. Silvestrov . Comm. D. Kharitonovich. - SPb .: Ivan Limbakh Publishing House , 2011. - ISBN 978-5-89059-168-5 ; SPb., 2015. - ISBN 978-5-89059-229-3 .
Notes
- ↑ German National Library , Berlin State Library , Bavarian State Library , etc. Record # 118775294 // General Regulatory Control (GND) - 2012—2016.
- ↑ 1 2 BNF ID : 2011 open data platform .
- 2 1 2 3 Catalogus Professorum Academiae Groninganae - 2014.
- ↑ Huizinga Johan // Great Soviet Encyclopedia : [in 30 t.] / Ed. A.M. Prokhorov - 3rd ed. - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia , 1969.
- ↑ 1 2 LIBRIS - 2013.
- ↑ Leidse Hoogleraren
Links
- Huizinga, Johan - Philosophical Cultural Views. Bibliography
- Huizinga, Johan in Maxim Moshkov Library
- Huizinga Y. In the Shadow of Tomorrow
- Huizinga Y. Homo Ludens. Cultural History Articles
- Huizinga Y. Political and military importance of knightly ideas in the late Middle Ages
- The development trend of the “heroic ideal” in Europe according to Johan Huising