The House of the Surens , or Surens [1] [2] , is one of the two Parthian noble families mentioned by name in sources related to the Arshakid period [3] .
History
The head of the House of Surenov had the honor to crown the first Parthian Shah in the 3rd century BC. e., thus establishing a tradition that was continued by his descendants [4] [3] . After the defeat of the Arshakids and the subsequent rise of the Sassanids in the 3rd century AD e. Surens went over to the Persians and began to serve them already [5] [6] , having received at their court the title of one of the so-called “ Seven Great Houses of Parthia ”. The last mentioned offspring of the family was a military commander in Northern China in the 9th century [7] .
It is "likely" [5] that the Surens were landowners in Sakastan , the area between Arachosia and Drangiana in modern southeastern Iran . The Surens apparently ruled Sistan (which got its name from 'Sakastan' and once occupied a much larger area than today's province) as their personal estate [5] .
“Ernst Hertzfeld believed that the dynasty [of the Indo-Parthian emperor] Gondofar represented the House of the Surens” [8] . Other notable family members include the 1st century cavalry commander. BC e., as well as the satrap of Armenia of the 6th century A.D. e., trying to establish Zoroastrianism in the country [9] . Mehr Narce, the great vizier of the four Sassanid shahs, was also from the House of Surenov [10] .
Notes
- ↑ Bivar, 1983 , p. 41.
- ↑ Herzfeld, 1929 , p. 70.
- ↑ 1 2 Lukonin, 1983 , p. 704.
- ↑ Vesta Sarkhosh Curtis, Sarah Stewart (2007).
- ↑ 1 2 3 Lendering, 2006 .
- ↑ Frye, 1983 , p. 130.
- ↑ Perikanian, 1983 , p. 683.
- ↑ Bivar, 2003 .
- ↑ Frye, 1983 , p. 159.
- ↑ Pourshariati, 2008 , p. 60.
Literature
- Bivar, ADH (1983), "The Political History of Iran under the Arsacids", in Yarshater, Ehsan, Cambridge History of Iran , vol. 3.1, London: Cambridge UP, p. 21–100
- Bivar, ADH (2003), "Gondophares" , Encyclopaedia Iranica , vol. 11.2, Costa Mesa: Mazda
- Frye, RN (1983), "The Political History of Iran under the Sassanians", in Yarshater, Ehsan, Cambridge History of Iran , vol. 3.1, London: Cambridge UP, p. 116–181
- Herzfeld, Ernst Emil, ed. (1929), "Das Haus Sūrēn von Sakastan ->", Archæologische Mitteilungen aus Iran , vol. I, Berlin: Dietrich Reimer, p. 70–80
- Justi, Ferdinand (1895), "Sūrēn", Iranisches Namenbuch , Leipzig / Marburg: Elwert, p. 316-317 .
- Lang, David M. (1983), "Iran, Armenia and Georgia", in Yarshater, Ehsan, Cambridge History of Iran , vol. 3.1, London: Cambridge UP, p. 505-537
- Lendering, Jona (2006), Surena , Amsterdam: livius.org , < http://www.livius.org/su-sz/surena/surena.html >
- Lukonin, VG (1983), "Political, Social and Administrative Institutions", in Yarshater, Ehsan, Cambridge History of Iran , vol. 3.2, London: Cambridge UP, p. 681-747
- Plutarch, "Marcus Crassus", in Langhorne, John & Langhorne, William, eds. (1934), Plutarch's Lives , London: J. Crissy
- Pourshariati, Parvaneh. Decline and Fall of the Sasanian Empire: The Sasanian-Parthian Confederacy and the Arab Conquest of Iran . - London and New York: IB Tauris, 2008 .-- ISBN 978-1-84511-645-3 .
- Rawlinson, George (1901), The Seven Great Monarchies Of The Ancient Eastern World , vol. 6, London: Dodd, Mead & Company , < http://www.gutenberg.org/etext/16166 >
- Perikanian, A. (1983), "Iranian Society and Law", in Yarshater, Ehsan, Cambridge History of Iran , vol. 3.2, London: Cambridge UP, p. 627–681
- Schippmann, K. (1987), "Arsacid ii: The Arsacid Dynasty" , Encyclopaedia Iranica , vol. 2, New York: Routledge & Kegan Paul, p. 525–536