Proactive budgeting or participatory budgeting is a form of direct participation of the population in the implementation of local self-government by putting forward initiatives on the goals of spending a certain part of budget funds.
Proactive budgeting is implemented through a set of diverse practices based on a civil initiative to address issues of local importance with the direct participation of citizens in identifying and selecting objects for spending budget funds, as well as subsequent monitoring of the implementation of selected projects.
In Russia, such practices are usually associated with local issues. As of the end of 2017, 43 regions were involved in the development of proactive budgeting [1] . From region to region, the design of the channels used to engage citizens can vary, but as a rule, practices involve discussing budget issues, the participation of citizens and local authorities, the serial implementation process, and organizing public reporting. The implementation of initiative budgeting practices allows achieving positive systemic social and economic effects [2] .
Content
Overview of Russian experience
In most regions, projects are implemented on the basis of co-financing from three sources: subsidies from the regional budget, contribution of municipal budgets, as well as voluntary contributions from the public and business. The amount of funds from each source, as well as the total cost of completed projects over the past two years, amounted to the following amounts:
| Sources of financing | 2015 year | 2016 year |
|---|---|---|
| Budgets of constituent entities of the Russian Federation | 1.4 billion rubles. | 5.1 billion rubles. |
| Co-financing from the public and business | 0.4 billion rubles. | 0.7 billion rubles. |
| Municipal budgets | 615 million rubles. | 1,114 million rubles. |
| Total cost of projects | 2.4 billion rubles. | 7 billion rubles. |
In 2015, 2 657 projects were implemented in Russia, in 2016 - 8 732 projects. As a rule, proactive budgeting programs are launched at the regional level, but sometimes municipal authorities themselves initiate their start. In particular, in 2015, municipal practices were implemented in Penza, Cherepovets, Sosnovy Bor, Yakutsk.
In 2016, they were joined by Novouralsk, Magnitogorsk, Zheleznogorsk, Borovsk, as well as the urban districts of the Ulyanovsk region [3] .
In 2017, the first federal competition of initiative budgeting projects on the portal was held . The portal provides examples of projects from different regions of Russia.
National Budget Programs
Several projects in the field of initiative budgeting were launched in the Russian regions in 2011 under the single brand "People's Budget". One of these regions is the Tula region, where over the past two years more than 2 billion rubles have been allocated under the “People’s Budget”. [4] “People’s budget” is aimed at identifying and implementing socially significant projects in the territories of municipalities of the region with the involvement of citizens and organizations. Since 2015, the Open Region-71 portal has become a key element of the program. [five]
World Bank Local Initiative Support Program
The greatest experience in implementing initiative budgeting projects in Russia has been accumulated in the framework of such practice as the Local Initiatives Support Program (PPMI), which was launched in 2007 in the Stavropol Territory and was further implemented in the Kirov, Tver, Nizhny Novgorod Regions, Khabarovsk Territory, and the Republic of Bashkortostan , North Ossetia-Alania, Sakha (Yakutia) with advisory support from the World Bank. [6] A mandatory component of the program is a small co-financing of projects by citizens, which is considered as a way to identify really pressing problems and prioritize costs most effectively. The typology of the implemented projects reflects the urgent problems of people on the ground. Most often, citizens support and co-finance road repair and the organization of water supply, the repair of cultural infrastructure, landscaping of settlements, the arrangement of recreational facilities and playgrounds, sports infrastructure, the organization of lighting, fire events, and the improvement of burial places. [7] Based on the Russian experience of the World Bank, the “Operational Guide for Initiative Budgeting Practices: An Example of a Program to Support Local Initiatives” was published. [eight]
European University Res Publica Center Project
The methodology developed by the Res Publica Center team is based on the participatory budgeting methodology implemented in 1989 in the Brazilian city of Porto Alegre . [9] The mechanism involves the distribution of a specially allocated part of the budget or external funds raised by a commission consisting of selected citizens. Participants in the commissions are selected by drawing of lots from the number of applicants who have submitted applications. During the project, citizens can put forward budget initiatives for the development of various spheres of the city’s life. [10] A similar practice is implemented in the Kirov and Leningrad regions, as well as in St. Petersburg, where the project is named “Your budget”. [11] The pilot program was launched in 2016 on the basis of two districts, and in 2018 it covered all areas of the city.
See also
- Economics of participation
- Partition
Notes
- ↑ I. E. Shulga, V. V. Vagin, G. N. Khachatryan and others. Initiative budgeting. Russian experience in the field of citizen participation in resolving issues of local importance. - Alex Moscow, 2017 .-- S. 22 .-- 124 p. - ISBN 978-5-9618-0089-0 .
- ↑ Sergey Kozlovsky . Russian authorities learn to engage citizens in money distribution , BBC (July 13, 2016).
- ↑ Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation. Report on the best practice for the development of the "Budget for Citizens" in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and municipalities .
- ↑ Tula's “People’s Budget” was evaluated at the federal level , REGNUM news agency (September 30, 2016).
- ↑ Open Region .
- ↑ Shulga I., Sukhova A., Khachatryan G. Program for supporting local initiatives in Russia: implementation results and success factors. - Moscow: World Bank, 2015.
- ↑ Shulga I., Sukhova A., Khachatryan G. Community Potential Development: a program to support local initiatives in Russia. // Europe and Central Asia. Newsletter .. - 2014. - June.
- ↑ G. Khachatryan, I. Shulga, S. Gridin, A. Sukhova. Operational Guide for Initiative Budgeting Practices: An Example of a Local Initiative Support Program. - Moscow: Alex, 2016 .-- 88 p. - ISBN ISBN 978-5-9618-0106-4 .
- ↑ Collective of authors. Proactive budgeting in the Russian Federation. Conference proceedings. Issue 1 .. - Moscow, 2015 .-- S. 42. - 215 p.
- ↑ Daria Dimke, Lev Shilov, Tatyana Grebenshchikova. Participatory budgeting. How to attract citizens to the management of the city .. - St. Petersburg. - 50 p.
- ↑ With the support of the Government of St. Petersburg. Your budget .
Literature
- Proactive budgeting. Russian experience in the field of citizen participation in solving issues of local importance / I.E. Shulga, V.V. Vagin, G.N. Khachatryan, etc. - Alex Moscow, 2017.
- Portal " Initiative Budgeting "
- Vagin V.V., Gavrilova N.V., Shapovalova N.A. Proactive budgeting in Russia: best practices and development directions. // "Financial Journal" No. 4 (26) July-August 2015. pp. 94-103.
- The operational leadership of initiative budgeting: an example of the Program of Support for Local Initiatives / G. Khachatryan, I. Shulga, S. Gridin, A. Sukhova - M .: “Alex”, 2016 - 88 p.
- Initiative Budgeting Online Course of the Civil Initiatives Committee
- Shilov L. Participatory budgeting: new opportunities for Russian municipalities. Docplayer.ru
- Shilov L. Technology of citizen involvement in the budget process . Budget Magazine.
- Initiative Budgeting Page on Facebook
- Proactive budgeting in the Russian Federation. Materials of the All-Russian Conference. Issue 1. Moscow, 2015.
- An official to himself How to make the government spend money on you: a system of “proactive budgeting”. Znak.co m
- Participatory budgeting. How to attract citizens to city management. D. Dimke, L. Shilov, T. Grebenshchikova.
- Henry Sanoff Collaborative design. The practice of public participation in the formation of the environment of large and small cities - Vologda, Project Group 8, 2015. - 170 p.