Solikamsk Kremlin is a lost wooden fortress of the XVI century in the city of Solikamsk .
| Solikamsk Kremlin | |
|---|---|
 Savior Church on the site of the Kremlin | |
| City | Solikamsk |
| Year built | 1573 |
| Number of gates | four |
| Number of towers | five |
| Kremlin towers | |
| Spasskaya with a gate, Nikolskaya with a gate, Georgievskaya with a gate, Petrovskaya with a gate, "Deaf" without a gate | |
 | |
Fully lost at the moment. Nothing remained of the fortress, including earthen ramparts and moats.
Content
Description
The first inventory of the fortress is given by M. F. Kaysarov in 1623 [1] . The Kremlin had a regular quadrangular shape. The city walls were townships - chopped log double walls with an earthen bedding between them. The fortress was surrounded by a deep ditch filled with water. Above the walls there were five towers with loopholes - one deaf and four corner, which had a gate: Spassky, Nikolsky, St. George and Petrovsky. Inside the fortress there were barns of monasteries and townspeople, as well as barns with military shells, a powder magazine. Tools: 2 copper squeaked, to them 260 iron cores; 20 pishchal, and to them 3213 iron nuclei; 36 hand food; pood lead bullets. In addition to these buildings there is a wooden Arkhangelsk church and an orderly hut [2] .
History
The first mention of Solikamsk refers to 1430.
During the 16th century, enemy forces raided the small Usolye on Kamsky (the first name of Solikamsk) several times [1] .
On November 24, 1573 a fortress was built on a high hill near the bank of the Usolka River . The city walls were townships - chopped log double walls with an earthen bedding between them. Above the walls there were five towers with loopholes — one deaf and four corner. There were gates in the walls: Spassky, Nikolsky, St. George and Petrovsky (Petropavlovsky [3] ). The fortress was surrounded by a deep ditch filled with water [2] . According to legend, it was built by Yuri Solovtsev, the voivode from Kurmish [4] .
After the construction of the Kremlin, Solikamsk receives the status of a city and the Solikamsk district emerges around it [1] .
In 1581, the Pelymsky prince ( Kikhek ) raids Perm the Great, “taking the city of Solkamskoy Posad and burnt it and defeating many people”.
In 1632 the first inventory of the fortress takes place. MF Kaysarov already then notes the disrepair of fortifications.
In 1635, on June 2, all churches and posad were burned out during a fire.
In 1657, on July 25, there was a fire from lightning, the city center was burned out.
In 1668 there was a flood, flooding the entire river part of the city.
The Solikamsk Kremlin stood for 99 years and was destroyed by another fire on July 8, 1672. In addition to the fortress burned down all the churches and most of the tenements.
The burnt down fortress was not restored, for the immediate danger of attacks by that time had considerably weakened. In place of wooden fortifications, a new central core of the stone city emerged.
At the moment there is nothing left of the fortress, not even earthen ramparts and moats.
Kremlin Ensemble
On the territory of the former Kremlin, after its destruction by fire, stone buildings were built:
- Savior Church
- Arkhangelsk Church
Governors
Solikamsk voivodship was established in 1613 [1] .
| Year | Name |
|---|---|
| 1613-1614 | Iov Nesterovich Lachinov |
| 1614-? | Lev Ilyich Volkov |
| ? -1617 | Bogdan Polikarpovich Lupandin |
| 1617-1619 | Prince Andrei Romanovich Tyumen |
| 1619 | Vasily Fedorovich Buturlin |
| 1622 | Warrior Lukyanovich Korsakov |
| 1624 | Vasily Vasilyevich Soyanov |
| 1626 | Zakhary Petrovich Shishkin |
| 1627 | Warrior Lukyanovich Karpov |
| 1628 | Ivan Leontievich Skobeltsyn |
| 1630 | Bogdan Semenovich Zmiev |
| 1631 | Nikita Naumovich Begletsov |
| 1632 | Ilya Ivanovich Zubov |
| 1635 | Zakhary G. Shishkin |
| 1636 | Bogdan Ivanovich Komynin |
| 1640 | Dorofey Emelyanovich Ostafiev |
| 1641 | Grigory Afanasyevich Zagryazhsky |
| 1644 | Mikhail Ivanovich Zasetsky |
| 1645 | Dmitry Bogdanovich Meshkov-Pleshcheev [5] |
| 1646 | Ivan Vasilyevich Lvov |
| 1647 | Duma nobleman Procopius Kozmich Elizarov |
| 1649 | Steward Prince Peter Semenovich Prozorovsky |
| 1652 | Steward Semen Timofeevich Kondyrev |
| 1654 | Afanasy Yermolaevich Silvestrov |
| 1657 | Afanasy Evstafiev Silvestrov-Kologrivov |
| 1659 | Steward Lev Andreevich Pleshcheev |
| 1660 | Stepan Petrovich Naumov |
| 1662 | Mikhailo Golenishchev |
| 1663 | Steward Prince Semen Lukich Shcherbata |
| 1665 | Boris G. Bukhvostov |
| 1668 | Samson Ivanovich Ogibalov |
| 1669 | stolnik Ivan Leontievich Monastyrev |
| 1672 | Ivan Semyonovich Golovnin |
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 N.M. Savenkova. Solikamsk Chronicle (Inaccessible link) . Solikamsk museum of local lore . skm.solkam.ru. The date of circulation is November 26, 2015. Archived June 30, 2015.
- ↑ 1 2 SOLIKAMSK - CITY OF SALT . www.uralhistory.ru. The appeal date is November 27, 2015.
- ↑ Solikamsk Unsolved (inaccessible link) . palomnikperm.ru. The appeal date is November 27, 2015. Archived December 8, 2015.
- ↑ G.A. Borodino. Solikamsk. Guide. - Mamatov. - SPb: Mamatov, 2012. - 96 p. - 1300 copies - ISBN 978-5-91076-064-0 .
- ↑ Korsakov V. Pleshcheev-Meshkov, Dmitry Bogdanovich // Russian biographical dictionary : in 25 volumes. - SPb. - M. , 1896-1918.