Second Saudi Hashemite War

During the First World War, Hussein ibn Ali al-Hashimi supported the British, and after the war, when Arab states began to form on the ruins of the Ottoman Empire, Hussein himself became the king of Hijaz, and his sons Abdullah and Faisal - Transjordan and Syria - Iraq . Ali Hussein planned to make the eldest son the heirs of his possessions on the Arabian Peninsula.

The conflict between the Hashemite Kingdom of Hijaz and the Saudi Sultanate of Najd was associated with Hussein's claims to supremacy over all Arabs and led to the First Sado-Hashemite War in 1919 . In March 1924, Hussein proclaimed himself a caliph of the Islamic world, which led to a new conflict between Hijaz and Najd. The war went unsuccessfully for Hijaz, and in October 1924, Hussein renounced all his secular titles in favor of Ali.

The reason for the resumption of hostilities between Najd and Hijaz was the ban for pilgrims from Naj to perform Hajj to the holy places in Hijaz ^[3] . On August 29, 1924, Abdel-Aziz II launched a military campaign against Hejaz, attacking Et-Taif , who surrendered without a serious fight ^[3] . After the fall of Et-Taif, the combined forces of the Saudis and Ihvans moved to Mecca . Hussein turned to the British for help, but was refused on the pretext of non-interference in religious disputes. After Hussein received another denial of a request for help from his son, King of Jordan Abdullah, he fled from Mecca to Jeddah . On October 13, 1924, Mecca fell without a fight. ^[3] The Islamic Conference, held in Riyadh on October 29, 1924, recognized Mecca as the possession of Abdel Aziz II.

With the advance of the Saudi offensive and the blockade of Jeddah, the hejaz army began to disintegrate. On December 12, 1925, Medina fell, 12 days later - Yanbu ^[3] .

The final stage of the war was the battle of Jeddah . Jeddah was the last major city left in the hands of the Hashemites. Ali fortified the city and prepared it for a siege, but in the end, the leaders of Jeddah decided to surrender the city to Abdel Aziz, and King Ali fled to Baghdad through the Red Sea . The siege ended on December 17, 1925.

After the successful capture of Hijaz, Abdul-Aziz ibn Abdurrahman Al Saud was declared king of Hijaz. The kingdom was subsequently incorporated into the united kingdom of Najd and Hijaz . Abdul-Aziz II became the king of both parts of the political union.

At the end of 1924, King Hijaz Hussein ibn Ali al-Hashimi fled to Cyprus , declaring his son Ali ibn Hussein the new king. After the fall of Jeddah, King Ali left Hijaz, leaving with his family in Iraq. The local nobility swore to Abdel Aziz earlier. Hashimites however remained to rule in Transjordan and the Kingdom of Iraq.

• History of saudi arabia
• Saudi Arabia
• Nejd and Hijaz

• Al-Harbi, Dalal: King Abdulaziz and his Strategies to deal with events: Events of Jeddah . 2003, King Abdulaziz national library. ISBN 9960-624-88-9 .