Ottoman Algeria (in European sources - Algerian Regency ; tour. Cezayir-i Garp Eyaleti ) - northern (mostly coastal) areas of modern Algeria , nominally ruled by the Ottoman Empire from 1515 to 1830 (the actual Ottoman rule was completed much earlier - after strengthening the power of deev in the XVII — XVIII centuries) [1] . From 1515 to 1570, Algeria was a vassal of the Ottoman Empire [1] . As part of the Ottoman Empire proper, Algeria was an ejalet (land) with the capital in Algeria, which was ruled first by the Beilleris (1518–1570), then the pasha ( governors ) (1570–1659), aha (1659–1671) and dei (1671–1830 ). By 1808, the population of the city was about 3 million people, of which no more than 6 thousand were Turks or Turkish-speaking, who in the Ottoman period made up the janissary elite of the region. The remnants of Ottoman Algeria, in a deep economic decline and experiencing a period of political anarchy, were eliminated during the French conquest of Algeria, which began in 1830 . A centralized French settlement colony, Algeria , was established on the site of a fairly loose village, the land of which was interspersed with the independent and semi-independent sultanates of the local mountain and desert princes.
Content
Strategic value
The Algerian flight covered the territory of present-day Northern Algeria, mainly the lands of the Mediterranean coast, but also the fertile valleys of some rivers. He was one of the strategically important strongholds of the Ottoman Empire in the Maghreb region. The Ottomans played an important role in the formation of the self-consciousness of the Algerians: it was under the Ottomans that the Maghrib was divided into three areas - Algeria , Tunisia and Tripoli . He played the role of the Ottoman base for attacks on European ships in the Western Mediterranean. There was a place of preparation for wars with the Muslim dynasties of Zayanids and Hafsids, as well as the fight against Spanish possessions in Africa. Center berber pirates and slave trade. Even after the strengthening of the power of the dey in the 17th — 18th centuries, when Algeria actually became independent from Istanbul [1] , both states continued to adhere to the policy of mutually beneficial cooperation for the protection of Islamic interests in the Mediterranean [3] . This alliance was necessary to protect against Spanish intervention. Thanks to the attacks of the Gazi warriors, the Spaniards did not succeed in advancing beyond several coastal fortresses. The so-called Spanish Africa in certain periods of its history included Oran (1509-1708; 1732-1709), Algeria (1510-1529) and Bejaya (1510-1554).
Chronology of the Ottoman period
- Algerian Flight (1515-1830)
- Algerian governorship / regency
- Algerian Sultanate (1517–1533)
- Algerian balerbeing (1533–1570)
- Algerian pashalyk (1570-1659)
- Algerian Action (1671–1830)
Way
In the Ottoman period, the Algerian economy remained semi-natural. Private property was developed only in coastal cities and some agricultural oases. In the cities that actually lived apart from the village at the expense of the slave trade and abductions of European nobility for the purpose of subsequent redemption , no more than 5-6% of the population of the region lived. As in other regions of the Ottoman Empire, different ethnic groups ( Arabs , Berbers , Turks , Jews , Moriscos , Europeans of Romanesque origin) lived in separate quarters, almost without mixing up [4] . At the peak of their power, the number of Anatolian Turks reached 11 thousand people and they received significant privileges, including free meat, butter and bread.
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 3 Algeria - HAPPY ROGER - the story of sea burglary
- ↑ Yaël Kouzmine, Jacques Fontaine, Badr-Eddine Yousfi, Tayeb Otmane. Étapes de la structuration d'un désert: l'espace saharien algérien entre convoités économiques, projets politiques and amusement du territoriesoire (fr) // Annales de géographie. - 2009. - 1 décembre ( vol. 670 ). - P. 659—685 . - ISSN 0003-4010 .
- ↑ External and internal situation of Algeria in the XVIII century. // Studios
- ↑ Algeria in the precolonial period // Studopedia