Grechikhino ( German: Walter ) - a village in the Zhirnovsky district of the Volgograd region of Russia , as part of the Medveditsky rural settlement . Founded in 1767 as the German colony of Walther
| Village | |
| Grechikhino | |
|---|---|
| him. Walter | |
| A country |  Russia |
| Subject of the federation | Volgograd region |
| Municipal District | Zhirnovsky |
| Rural settlement | Medveditskoe |
| History and Geography | |
| Based | in 1767 |
| Former names | before 1768 - Walter until 1927 - Buckwheat Luke (Walter) until 1944 - Walter |
| Center height | 204 m |
| Timezone | UTC + 4 |
| Population | |
| Population | ↘ 80 [1] people ( 2010 ) |
| Digital identifiers | |
| Postcode | 403777 |
| OKATO Code | 18212820002 |
| OKTMO Code | |
Population - 80 [1] (2010)
Content
Title
The German name Walter is assigned by the name of the first headman (foreshteger). By decree of February 26, 1768 on the names of the German colonies received official Buckwheat Luke [2] .
History
It was founded on May 13, 1767 . Until 1917, the Lutheran village was first the Nork colonial district, and after 1871 the Medveditsky-Krestovo-Bueraksky volost of the Atkarsky district of the Saratov province . The founders are 99 families from Ganau and Darmstadt [3] .
In 1774, the Pugachevites raided, several houses were burnt [3] .
The village first belonged to the Lutheran parish of Frank (Medveditsky Krestovy Buerak). Some of the inhabitants were Catholics [3] . In 1892, the Lutheran church was consecrated. In 1896, there were two schools in the village - the parish church and the zemstvo. 212 boys and 239 girls studied at the parish school [4] .
Earth in 1857 - 7963 tithes, in 1910 - 11132 tithes [3] . In the middle of the XIX century. the lack of land became especially acute; many received their land plots farther and farther from Walter. Some sections of the land were so far away that they had to spend about one day traveling to get there. Therefore, 12 miles from Walter there is his farm. The exact time of its foundation is unknown. This farm was the first daughter colony of Walter and had the name Ney-Walter . At the end of the 19th century , another farm appeared - Klein-Walter . The spread in 1874 of general military service to the colonists intensified emigration sentiment. Between 1890 and 1916, at least 45 people left Walter for North America. During the years of the Stolypin reform, 15 families of 128 people were listed in the society of the village of Samara, Loktevsky volost, Zmeinogorsk district, Tomsk province [4] .
During the First World War , more than 150 soldiers were called up from Walter [4] .
In the Soviet period, the village was part of the first Medveditsky district of the Golo-Karamysh district of the Labor commune (Oblast) of the Volga Germans , since 1922 the Medveditsky-Krestovo-Bueraksky (renamed in Frankfurt in 1927) canton of the Volga Germans Republic ; administrative center of the Kolba village council. During the famine of 1921, 152 people were born, 180 died. In 1926 there was a cooperative shop, an agricultural credit partnership, an elementary school, a reading room, and a mobile library in the village. During the years of collectivization , the Rot Front collective farm was organized [3] .
In 1927, the decree of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee On Changes in the Administrative Division of the Autonomous Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of SR Nemtsev of the Volga Region and the Assignment of German Names to the Old Names that Existed Before 1914, the name Walter was returned to the Grechinnaya village of the Frankish Canton [5] .
On August 28, 1941, a Decree of the Presidium of the USSR Armed Forces on the resettlement of Germans living in the Volga region was issued. The German population was deported . After the liquidation of the Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of the Volga Germans, the village, like other settlements of the Frankish canton (renamed the Medveditsky district) of the abolished German Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, was transferred to the Stalingrad Region . By the decision of the regional executive committee of March 31, 1944 No. 10 § 30 "On the renaming of settlements of the Stalingrad region bearing German names", the village of Walter was renamed the village of Grechikhino [6] .
Physico-geographical characteristics
The village is located in a forest-steppe , within the Volga Upland , which is part of the East European Plain , on the right bank of the Medveditsa River . The terrain is hilly-plain, strongly intersected by beams and ravines [7] . Floodplain acidic soils and southern chernozems are common [8] . The height of the center of the village is 160 meters above sea level.
By road, the distance to the regional center of Volgograd is 330 km, to the regional center of Zhirnovsk - 22 km, to the administrative center of the rural settlement of the village of Medveditsa - 9 km, to the nearest large city of Saratov - 200 km [9] .
- Timezone
Grechikhino, like the whole Volgograd region , is in the time zone MSC + 1 ( Samara time ). The offset of the applied time relative to UTC is +4: 00 [10] . |
Population
Population dynamics by years:
| 1987 [11] | 2002 [12] |
|---|---|
| ≈70 | 80 |
| Population | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1767 [13] | 1773 [13] | 1788 [13] | 1798 [13] | 1816 [13] | 1834 [13] | 1850 [13] |
| 376 | ↗ 431 | ↗ 622 | ↗ 762 | ↗ 1173 | ↗ 1989 | ↗ 2899 |
| 1859 [13] | 1885 [13] | 1897 [13] | 1911 [13] | 1920 [13] | 1922 [13] | 1923 [13] |
| ↗ 3264 | ↘ 2044 | ↗ 2427 | ↘ 2291 | ↗ 2556 | ↗ 2559 | ↗ 2754 |
| 1926 [13] | 1931 [13] | 2010 [1] | ||||
| ↘ 2494 | ↘ 2138 | ↘ 80 | ||||
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 3 2010 All-Russian Population Census. The population of urban districts, municipalities, urban and rural settlements, urban and rural settlements of the Volgograd region
- ↑ Walter - Volga Colonies
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 http://wolgadeutsche.net/diesendorf/Ortslexikon.pdf
- ↑ 1 2 3 http://wolgadeutsche.ru/fotos/dorn/Walter_Rothammel.pdf
- ↑ GESCHICHTE DER WOLGADEUTSCHEN = Decree of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee on changes in the administrative division of the Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of NP and on the restoration of the traditional names of its German villages (1927)
- ↑ 2.18. Zhirnovsky; Zhirnovsk // History of the administrative-territorial division of the Volgograd (Stalingrad) region. 1936−2007 .: Reference. in 3 volumes / Comp.: D.V. Buyanov, T.I. Zhdankina, V.M. Kadashova, S.A. Noritsyna. - Volgograd : Change, 2009. - T. 2. - ISBN 978-5-9846166-8-3 .
- ↑ Topographic map of European Russia
- ↑ Soil map of Russia
- ↑ Distances between settlements are given by Yandex.Maps service
- ↑ Federal Law of 03.06.2011 N 107-ФЗ “On the Calculation of Time”, Article 5 (June 3, 2011).
- ↑ Maps of the General Staff M-38 (B) 1: 100000. Saratov and Volgograd regions
- ↑ 2002 All-Russian Census
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Dizendorf, Victor Fridrikhovich . The Germans of Russia: settlements and places of settlement: an encyclopedic dictionary . - Moscow: Public Academy of Sciences of Russian Germans, 2006. - 479 p. - ISBN 5-93227-002-0 .