The ghetto in Vysokoy (summer 1941 - January 1942) is a Jewish ghetto , a place of forced resettlement of Jews in the city of Vysokoe (Vysoko-Litovsk) of the Kamenets district of the Brest region and nearby settlements during the persecution and extermination of Jews during the occupation of Belarus by Nazi Germany during the Second World War II .
| Ghetto in High | |
|---|---|
 Monument to prisoners of the ghetto in Vysokoye | |
| Type of | closed |
| Location | High Kamenets district Brest region |
| Period of existence | Summer 1941 - January 1942 |
| Death toll | more than 2800 |
The Occupation of the High and the Establishment of the Ghetto
According to the 1939 census, 2,000 Jews lived in the city of Vysokoye [1] .
The high was captured by German troops on June 23, 1941, and the occupation lasted 3 years and 1 month - until July 28, 1944 [2] [3] .
Immediately after the occupation, a police station was created, and in the city, in addition to 100 police officers , there were 50 gendarmes and about 100 Gestapo soldiers [4] [5] .
The persecution of Jews began from the first days of the occupation [4] [5] .
Shortly after the occupation, the Germans, implementing a Nazi program of extermination of Jews , drove the Jews into the ghetto, which the prisoners themselves made to fence [4] [5] [6] .
Ghetto Destruction
In early January 1942, the ghetto was liquidated. 320 Jews were killed in the High Ghetto itself, the remaining 2,500 were transported and killed in Treblinka [4] [5] [7] [8] . According to the National Archives of the Republic of Belarus, there were more prisoners in the Vysochansky ghetto - 3600 people [6] .
| From the memoirs of Jozef Chariton, the artist [4] [5] [9] : “At the end of January 1942, the Germans led the strongest men [com 1] under the pretext of working in the forest. These people, leaving the city, were surrounded by a detachment of Germans, and their campaign was turned into a chase with a whipping. The next reprisal was against women, girls, children, the elderly and the sick. This group of people stretched so that its beginning was at the railway station, and the end was in the city. Many could run away at this time, but all were tied up by family ties or were in a semi-conscious state. A crowd of people, constantly beaten, trampled by horses, was loaded onto the train for 7-10 minutes. The cars went to Treblinka. At the end of February, new horrors began: some of the Jews were briefly well hidden in the prepared cellars. But their whereabouts were betrayed by traitors. Several or more than a dozen people were shot daily. Later, several dozen people were shot immediately after the tannery. I reflected all this in my paintings ” |
Before the Jews were removed from the ghetto, the invaders carried out large “actions” (the Nazis called the massacres they organized as euphemism ), shooting people near the village of Ogorodniki in the Peschany tract [12] , and also constantly committed solitary killings. Massacres were also carried out in Tokarskaya Vulka [4] [5] [13] .
Those Jews who initially hid during the liquidation of the ghetto were caught, shot and buried in a common grave near the tannery [4] [5] .
Cases of Salvation
Of the entire Jewish population of Vysokoye, only Kantarovich Shlema Berkovich remained alive, who was in the Urals before the war and returned to his homeland after the war [4] [5] .
Memory
In 2010, a monument was erected to victims of the Jewish genocide in Vysokoy, on Frunze Street, at the ruins of an old synagogue [7] [14] .
The witness of the destruction of the Vysokovsky ghetto artist Jozef Hariton in the postwar years painted a number of paintings about these events. Most of them are in the Jewish Historical Institute of Poland [15] .
Sources
- ↑ Musevich G. S. “The People Who Lived Among Us,” 2009 , p. 93.
- ↑ Periods of occupation of settlements of Belarus
- ↑ "Memory. Kamyanetsky Ryan ”, 1997 , p. 425.
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Sakharchuk Yu. I. Vysokoe
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 High / Sakharchuk Yu. I.: Brest, RIA "Evening Brest", 2012, ISBN 978-985-6964-06-3
- ↑ 1 2 Adamushko V.I., Biryukova O.V., Kryuk V.P., Kudryakova G.A. Directory of places of forced detention of civilians in the occupied territory of Belarus 1941-1944. - Mn. : National Archive of the Republic of Belarus, State Committee for Archives and Record Keeping of the Republic of Belarus, 2001. - 158 p. - 2000 copies. - ISBN 985-6372-19-4 .
- ↑ 1 2 Belarus Holocaust Memorials Project (English)
- ↑ "Memory. Kamyanetsky Ryan ”, 1997 , p. 208.
- ↑ Musevich G. S. “The People Who Lived Among Us,” 2009 , p. 67-69, 80-81.
- ↑ dr. Sciences A. Kaganovich . Questions and objectives of the study of places of forced detention of Jews in Belarus in 1941-1944.
- ↑ "Memory. Vitebsky Raion, 2004 , p. 233-234.
- ↑ "Memory. Kamyanetsky Ryan ”, 1997 , p. 196-197.
- ↑ Musevich G. S. “The People Who Lived Among Us,” 2009 , p. 69.
- ↑ Pavlova N. “Flight of memory over time and pain”, the newspaper Karlin, Pinsk, No. 6-10 (110-114), December 28, 2010
- ↑ Musevich G. S. “The People Who Lived Among Us,” 2009 , p. 81.
Comments
- ↑ The Germans were very serious about the possibility of Jewish resistance , and therefore, first of all, Jewish men aged 15 to 50 years were killed in the ghetto or even before it was created - despite the economic inexpediency, as they were the most able-bodied prisoners [10] [ 11] .
Literature
- G.P. Parafanyuk, R.Ya. Smіrnova i iнш. . “Memory. Kamyanetsky Ryan. " - Mn. : Urajay, 1997 .-- 525 p. - ISBN 985-04-0128-1 . (belor.)
- G.S. Musevich. . "The people who lived among us . " - Brest, 2009 .-- 105 p. Archived March 4, 2016. Archived March 4, 2016 on Wayback Machine
- Memoirs of Jozef Hariton (Polish)
- Pictures of Jozef Hariton (Polish)
- State Archive of the Brest Region (GABO), - fund 514, inventory 1, file 60, sheet 5ob
- State Archive of the Russian Federation (GARF). - fund 7021, inventory 83, file 13, sheet 5
- Adamushko V.I., Biryukova O.V., Kryuk V.P., Kudryakova G.A. Directory of places of forced detention of civilians in the occupied territory of Belarus 1941-1944. - Mn. : National Archive of the Republic of Belarus, State Committee for Archives and Record Keeping of the Republic of Belarus, 2001. - 158 p. - 2000 copies. - ISBN 985-6372-19-4 .
- A.P. Krasoўski, U.A. Machulski, W.I. Mezenzaў i in. (redcal.), W.I. Mezenzaў (laying). “Memory. Vitebsk rayan. " - Mn. : “Mastatsky Literature”, 2004. - 771 p. - ISBN 985-02-0647-0 . (belor.)
Further reading
- Smilovitsky L. L. The catastrophe of the Jews in Belarus, 1941-1944 . - Tel Aviv: Matthew Black Library, 2000 .-- 432 p. - ISBN 965-7094-24-0 .
- Yitzhak Arad . The extermination of the Jews of the USSR during the years of German occupation (1941-1944). Compilation of documents and materials, Jerusalem, Yad Vashem Publishing House , 1991, ISBN 9653080105
- Chernoglazova R. A., Kheer H. The tragedy of the Jews of Belarus in 1941-1944: a collection of materials and documents. - Ed. 2nd, rev. and more .. - Mn. : E. S. Halperin, 1997 .-- 398 p. - 1000 copies. - ISBN 985627902X .
See also
- Ghetto in the Kamenets district