Illarion Nikitich Filosofov ( October 7 ( October 18 ) [1] , 1760s - the end of the 1830s) - court counselor [2] , leader of the nobility of the Novoladozh district . The representative of the so-called "younger" branch of the noble family of the Philosophers . He is known mainly as an active figure in the formation of the Zemsky army (1806-1807), the father of two high-ranking military men: artillery general Alexei Illarionovich and Lieutenant-General Nikolai Illarionovich Filosofovykh, as well as a connoisseur of fine art [3] .
| Illarion Nikitich Philosophers | |
|---|---|
 I.N. Filosofov, drawing by O. A. Kiprensky . | |
| Date of Birth | October 14, circa 1760 |
| Place of Birth | Zagvozdie (Novoladozhsky district) |
| Date of death | late 1830s |
| Place of death | Zagvozdie (Novoladozhsky district) |
| Nationality |  Russian empire |
| Occupation | leader of the nobility of Novoladozhsky district . |
| Father | Nikita Egorovich Philosophers |
| Spouse | Pelageya Alekseevna , nee Barykova |
| Children | Nikolay Alexey Natalya Praskovya Hope Catherine |
In some official documents and private correspondence, his name, as well as the middle name of his children are found in the obsolete version - Larion , Larionovich , Larionovna .
Biography
He was born in the family estate of the Philosophers' Zagvozdye of the Novoladozh district of the St. Petersburg province , which was still owned by his grandfather Egor Matveevich (1685—?), Who served under Peter the Great under dragoons under the command of Count Boris Petrovich Sheremetev [4] , and then was inherited by his landlord father Nikita Egorovich Philosophers (? -1779).
September 25, 1767 [5] entered and in 1782 was released from the Imperial land gentry cadet corps with a gold medal to the guard [6] .
He retired as an engineer-captain of the guard, which corresponded to a high civil rank, a court adviser , and settled in his own estate with his wife - Pelageya Alekseevna, nee Barykova (1764—?), Who graduated from the Smolny Institute in 1782, and children: Alexei, Nikolai, Natalya , Catherine , Praskovye and Hope. Despite the modest possession - only 63 serfs, he managed to give his children a very worthy education - his daughters in the footsteps of their mother graduated from the Smolny Institute, and their sons - higher military schools.
He enjoyed great authority among the nobility of his county, which elected him on the eve of the Russian-Prussian-French war (1806-1807) as his leader , and after re-elected for a second term. In addition, he was elected to the post of zemsky police officer [7] .
In December 1806, according to the decision of the emperor from the peasants of thirty-one provinces, the formation of the Zemsky Army began , which was to become the second fence on the way of the Napoleonic army to help the regular army , the threat of invasion of which hung over Russia after the complete defeat of the allied Prussian-Saxon troops. As the leader of the nobility, Illarion Nikitich energetically set about collecting, equipping and training the warriors of his county, and for his success in this field with the highest rescript dated January 1 ( January 13 ), 1807 addressed to the general from the infantry, Commander-in-Chief of the Zemsky Army of the First Region, Count N. A. Tatishchev was awarded (among other district leaders of the nobility) the inclusion in a special part VII of the noble genealogy of the St. Petersburg province [2] . On September 27 ( October 9 ), 1807, in connection with the end of the war and the conclusion of the Tilsit Peace, Alexander I sent a decree to the Governing Senate on its dissolution [8] .
The philosophers were friendly with the famous brothers-admirals Sarychevs - the owners of the estate, consisting of the villages of Borki, Purovo and Seliverstovo and located in the same county. And over time, they even became intermarried with them, giving the youngest daughter Praskovya - for Alexei, the son of Admiral Gavriil Andreevich , and the older Natalia for his cousin Vasily - the son of Rear Admiral Alexei Andreevich . The sons of these latter - Illarion Vasilievich and Fedor Vasilievich continued the naval tradition of the Sarychevs, having begun service in the Black Sea Fleet , showing heroism in the ranks of the defenders of Sevastopol during the Crimean War and reaching the rank of captain of the 2nd rank and rear admiral, respectively.
Particularly among the neighbors, Illarion Nikitich singled out the relatives of his wife - the family of retired Major Alexei Romanovich Tomilov (1779-1848), whose wife, Varvara Andreyevna, nee Melgunov (1784-1823), was brought to Pelageya Alekseevna by her niece by mother. Alexey Romanovich was a well-known philanthropist and patron of the arts. Ouspensky often visited his estate, sometimes for a long time I.K. Aivazovsky , O.A. Kiprensky , A.O. Orlovsky , A.G. Venetsianov and many other painters. Sometimes they also stayed with the Philosophers, on one of these visits Kiprensky made a pencil portrait of Illarion Nikitich. Tomilov highly appreciated the artistic taste of his neighbor and eagerly listened to his opinion when choosing paintings for his vast art collection [9] [3] .
Illarion Nikitich and Pelageya Alekseevna Filosofovs, until old age, retained their literary interests, reading through the works of Pushkin, Gogol, Zagoskin’s novels and the like [3] .
Notes
- ↑ Ignatenko V.F. Manor Uspenskoe. People of fate. Genealogy of the noble families: Tomilovs and Schwartz .. - Art. Ladoga - St. Petersburg, 2003.
- ↑ 1 2 St. Petersburg noble genealogy book : Litera V. - M .: Publishing House "Old Basmannaya", 2013. - 134 p. - 350 copies.
- ↑ 1 2 3 Lermontov and his relatives according to the documents of the archive of A. I. Filosofov / Publ. A. Mikhailova // M. Yu. Lermontov / USSR Academy of Sciences. Inst. Lit. (Cannon house); Ed. P. I. Lebedev-Polyansky; (Ch. ed.), I. S. Zilberstein, S. A. Makashin .. - M .: Publishing House of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, 1948. - Prince. 2. - S. 661-690. - (Lit. Inheritance; 1941-1948, v. 45/46).
- ↑ Census of 1710: Novgorod Uyezd: Obonezhskaya Pyatina: Zaonezhskaya half: Census book of the census of Ivan Kharlamov // RGADA . F. 1209. Op. 1. D. 8601. L. 597ob., 603.
- ↑ A personal list of persons admitted to the imperial land gentry cadet corps, among them are "Larion Filosofov, son of the Ufa provincial chancellery of the prosecutor" and "brother of his own Ivan Filosofov." // RGIA . F. 1075. Op. 1. D. 1032.
- ↑ Testimony of the land gentry cadet corps in the name of I. N. Filosofov about his excellent completion of the course of sciences in the corps with the award of a gold medal. // RGIA . F. 1075. Op. 1. D. 1036.
- ↑ Personal archival funds in the state depositories of the USSR : index / Yu. I. Gerasimova, E.V. Kolosova // USSR State Library named after V.I. Lenin . - M .: Head. archival management., 1963. - S. 260.
- ↑ Tsegleev E.A. Zemsky Army of Russia 1806-1807 (Russian) // Politics, State and Law. : Scientific and practical journal (Electronic resource) / Editor-in-chief: Andrey Vladimirovich Mashkovtsev. - International Research and Innovation Center (LLC) , 2014. - No. 3 . - ISSN 2226-5309 .
- ↑ Assumption // Three centuries of St. Petersburg . - SPb. : Faculty of Philology, St. Petersburg State University , 2009. - T. 2. - P. 98.